In the wild, chimpanzees have been known to hunt together, particularly when

游客2023-07-21 54

问题 In the wild, chimpanzees have been known to hunt together, particularly when conditions dictate that a solo hunter will not be successful. Yet this does not prove that our nearest living relatives understand cooperation the same way that we do: such group hunts may simply be the product of independent and simultaneous actions by many individuals with little comprehension of the need for coordinated action to ensure success. A new study, however, shows for the first time that chimpanzees understand when cooperation is needed and how to go about securing it effectively. And another study shows they might even be willing to cooperate without hope of reward.
Alicia Melis of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and her colleagues presented chimpanzees at a sanctuary(保护区)in Uganda with a cooperative challenge. To reach a food tray from behind bars, a chimpanzee had to pull on two ends of a rope threaded through metal loops on the tray. If the chimpanzee simply pulled on one end, the rope would slip the loop. If, however, the chimpanzee unlocked the door to an adjacent room, released a fellow chimp, and cooperated with it to pull on both ends of the rope at the same time, both would be rewarded with the food on the tray.
Although this provides the first glimpse of cooperative understanding outside humanity--and raises the possibility that such abilities might have been present in our common ancestor more than six million years ago--it does not mean that chimpanzees can communicate about a shared goal, like human children. However, in the second study, led by Felix Warneken, also at the Max Planck Institute, three young chimpanzees helped their human minder reach for objects even without any hope of reward--just like human children as young as 18 months old. "This is the first experiment showing altruistic helping toward goals in any nonhuman primate(灵长类动物)," Warneken notes. "It’s been claimed chimpanzees act mainly for their own ends, but in our experiment, there was no reward and they still helped." [br] Through the experiments by Alicia Melis and her colleagues, we can conclude that ______.

选项 A、chimpanzees know how to unlock the door to an adjacent room
B、chimpanzees can manage to reach a food tray from behind bars
C、chimpanzees understand cooperation and the way to secure it
D、chimpanzees are skilled at pulling on both ends of the rope

答案 C

解析主旨推断。虽然整个第2段都是关于Alicia Melis和同事的试验，但试验的意义却是在第1段倒数第2句讲明的。选项A)、B)、和D)谈的都是试验中黑猩猩的具体动作，只有选项C)能说明试验的结论，所以选项C)正确。

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