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  3. California, long a leader on clean air and other environmental issues, is do

California, long a leader on clean air and other environmental issues, is do

游客2023-07-12  35
问题     California, long a leader on clean air and other environmental issues, is doing good things again. The state’s powerful Air Resources Board has issued new rules that, when finally approved, will lead to many fewer smog-causing pollutants, fewer greenhouse gases and, in time, encourage the auto industry to build millions more emissions-free cars and trucks, including a new generation of all-electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles.
    For historical reasons—including its own severe pollution problems—California has been allowed to write its own clean air rules, as long as it gets a waiver (豁免) from the federal government. The results have been hugely beneficial for all. California’s clean air rules in the 1970s helped lead to nationwide use of the catalytic converter. A 2002 California law requiring cuts in carbon-dioxide emissions from automobiles led to the aggressive fuel efficiency standards approved by President Obama.
    Two new California rules will push that process even further. One calls for a 75 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides (氧化物) and other smog-forming emissions from new vehicles by 2025. The other says that by the same year, one of seven new vehicles on California roads—1. 4 million altogether—must be zero-emission. By 2050, it hopes, four of five cars will be powered by batteries or hydrogen, helping the state reach its midcentury target of reducing greenhouse gases by 80 percent.
    In the past, the automakers fought every new California rule. Their brush with extinction—and the federal aids—have made them more ready to make compromise and more confident in their ability to make the clean cars the regulations require. They have already invested heavily in clean-car technologies.
    The Environmental Protection Agency is almost certain to grant the waiver California needs to put the rules into effect. It should also begin pushing the oil refiners to lower the sulfur (硫磺) content in gasoline, greatly improving California’s chances of achieving smog reductions. The oil companies hate this idea because it will add to their refining costs. It is hard to feel sympathy for them at a time of record profits. Lisa Jackson, the E. P. A. administrator, has proposed sulfur reductions for gasoline, but the White House has yet to give her the green light. It should. [br] According to two new California rules, ______.
选项 A、75% emissions from old vehicles will be reduced by 2025
B、one of seven vehicles will be changed for new ones by 2025
C、80% vehicles will reduce greenhouse gases by 80% by 2050
D、1.4 million new vehicles must be zero-emission by 2025
答案 D
解析 事实细节题。根据定位段，这两项新法规中一项呼吁到2025年，把氮氧化物和其他造成烟雾的排放物降低75％；另一项则宣布在2025年在加州使用的新汽车中的七分之一，即大约140万辆，必须实现零排放。而到2050年，五分之四的汽车会由电池或氢作动力，由此帮助该州达到在本世纪中期把温室气体降低80％的目标。由此判断，D)“到2025年，140万辆汽车必须实现零排放”正确。A)“到2025年，旧汽车排放的气体将会减少75％”、B)“到2025年，七分之一的汽车会换成新的”和C)“到2050年，80％的汽车会减少80％的温室气体”均不符合原文，故排除。
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