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California, long a leader on clean air and other environmental issues, is do

游客2023-07-12  39
问题     California, long a leader on clean air and other environmental issues, is doing good things again. The state’s powerful Air Resources Board has issued new rules that, when finally approved, will lead to many fewer smog-causing pollutants, fewer greenhouse gases and, in time, encourage the auto industry to build millions more emissions-free cars and trucks, including a new generation of all-electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles.
    For historical reasons—including its own severe pollution problems—California has been allowed to write its own clean air rules, as long as it gets a waiver (豁免) from the federal government. The results have been hugely beneficial for all. California’s clean air rules in the 1970s helped lead to nationwide use of the catalytic converter. A 2002 California law requiring cuts in carbon-dioxide emissions from automobiles led to the aggressive fuel efficiency standards approved by President Obama.
    Two new California rules will push that process even further. One calls for a 75 percent reduction in nitrogen oxides (氧化物) and other smog-forming emissions from new vehicles by 2025. The other says that by the same year, one of seven new vehicles on California roads—1. 4 million altogether—must be zero-emission. By 2050, it hopes, four of five cars will be powered by batteries or hydrogen, helping the state reach its midcentury target of reducing greenhouse gases by 80 percent.
    In the past, the automakers fought every new California rule. Their brush with extinction—and the federal aids—have made them more ready to make compromise and more confident in their ability to make the clean cars the regulations require. They have already invested heavily in clean-car technologies.
    The Environmental Protection Agency is almost certain to grant the waiver California needs to put the rules into effect. It should also begin pushing the oil refiners to lower the sulfur (硫磺) content in gasoline, greatly improving California’s chances of achieving smog reductions. The oil companies hate this idea because it will add to their refining costs. It is hard to feel sympathy for them at a time of record profits. Lisa Jackson, the E. P. A. administrator, has proposed sulfur reductions for gasoline, but the White House has yet to give her the green light. It should. [br] What do we learn from the first paragraph about California’s new rules?
选项 A、They will remove all pollutants and greenhouse gases.
B、They will come into effect only after being approved.
C、They include standards for emissions-free vehicles.
D、They depict processes of building hydrogen-powered vehicles.
答案 B
解析 事实细节题。定位句指出，加州空气资源局的新条例将会导致污染物和温室气体的减少，句中由when引导的从句指示时间状语“当它最终被通过时”，由此可见，该条例尚未通过，故B)“它们只有在得到许可后才‘能生效”正确。A)“它们会移除所有的污染物和温室气体”和原文不符，原文中所提到的污染物是那些造成烟雾的污染物，而不是所有，故排除；C)“它们包含针对零排放汽车的标准”和原文小符，原文中提到这项法规会促使汽车工业生产更多零排放汽车，而不是制定针对零排放汽车的标准，故排除；D)“它们描述了氢动力汽车的生产过程”在原文中未提及，故排除。
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