首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2023-07-08
12
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed【C5】______inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for【C8】______ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope
F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary
K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent [br] 【C2】
选项
答案
I
解析
由空格后的and gifts可知此处应填名词。认知派研究专家认为,由于奖励助长了人们期望从别人那得到——和物质奖励的心理,而往往会破坏创造力,因此,选项中只有approval“认同”符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2817933.html
相关试题推荐
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
随机试题
Shewaspraisedbyherfatherfor______theexam.A、passB、topassC、topassingD、
Fromthepassagewecanknowthatthestoryprobablytakesplacein______.[br]
Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeak
对
图所示结构的超静定次数为( )。 A.0次 B.1次 C.2次 D.3
既能平肝息风,清肝明目,又能清热解毒的药物是()(2008)A.羚羊角
对重度颅脑损伤病人的补液原则是A、不要限制入液量 B、充分补充晶体液 C、每
三类水闸系指()。A.工程无影响正常运行的缺陷 B.工程存在一定损坏
脑死亡标准取代传统的死亡标准,其直接的伦理意义和效果是() A.有利于科学确定
建设工程项目总进度目标论证时,调查研究和收集资料工作包括()。A.收集类似
最新回复
(
0
)