首页
登录
职称英语
Universities Branch OutA)As never before in their long
Universities Branch OutA)As never before in their long
游客
2023-07-07
36
管理
问题
Universities Branch Out
A)As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
B)In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more selfconsciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative(合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
C)Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
D)Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
E)Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-squarc-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconfcrence seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F)As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure(基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
G)For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
H)American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. 1)Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history— strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished(珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students. [br] Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
选项
答案
F
解析
题干意为,世界各国政府鼓励将高校主导的科学研究同工业应用联系起来的模式。注意抓住题干中的关键词governments、encourage和the model of linking university—based science and industrial application。文章段落中,论及世界各国政府鼓励科学研究发展模式的内容出现在F段,该段中间提到高校主导的科学研究同工业应用之间的联系往往不是直截了当的但却清晰可见,该段末句总结道,世界各国政府都鼓励模仿这种发展模式、由此可知,题干是对原文的总结概括,故答案为F.
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2817346.html
相关试题推荐
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
SocialmediapresentschallengetouniversitiesUniversitiesh
Everynightbeforegoingtobed,Mr.Smithgoesaroundthehouse_______________
Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as"silen
Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as"silen
Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as"silen
随机试题
Peoplewithdepressiongotoseetheirdoctorsmoreoftenthanpeoplesuffering
Hewasfinedbythetrafficpolicemanforherodehisbicycleonthe______sideo
把清代文言小说创作推向高潮的著作是()A.《聊斋志异》 B.《虞初新志》
下面属于信道对信号的影响类别的是()。A.加性干扰 B.乘性干扰 C.频率干
【说明】某单位拟通过公开招标方式选择一家集成单位承担收款系统的开发工作,开标现场
1791年,英国医生帕茨瓦尔为曼彻斯特医院起草了《医院及医务人员行动守则》,18
2009年,我国国产手机的销售量为3200万部,几乎是2007年销售量的3倍,市
各种运输方式内外部的各个方面的构成和联系,就是( )。 A.运输系统
由标的证券发行人以外的第三人发行并上市的权证,履约担保系数由中国证监会发布()并
财政实现资源配置职能的机制和手段主要有()。A.优化财政支出结构 B.为公共
最新回复
(
0
)