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  3. One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol

One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol

游客2023-07-06  8
问题     One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don’t drink tend to die sooner than those who do. The standard Alcoholics Anonymous(匿名戒酒互助会)explanation for this finding is that many of those who show up as abstainers(戒酒者)in such research are actually former hard-core drunks who had already incurred health problems associated with drinking.
    But a new paper in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research suggests that—for reasons that aren’t entirely clear—abstaining from alcohol does tend to increase one’s risk of dying, even when you exclude former problem drinkers. The most shocking part: Abstainers’ mortality rates are higher than those of heavy drinkers.
    Moderate drinking, which is defined as one to three drinks per day, is associated with the lowest mortality rates in alcohol studies. Moderate alcohol use(especially when the beverage of choice is red wine)is thought to improve heart health, circulation and sociability, which can be important because people who are isolated don’t have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.
    But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life? It’s true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes, since drinking can be expensive. And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors—job and child-care worries that might not only keep them from the bottle but also cause stress-related illnesses over long periods.(They also don’t get the stress-reducing benefits of a drink or two after work.)
    But even after controlling for nearly all imaginable variables—socioeconomic status, level of physical activity, number of close friends, quality of social support and so on—the researchers(a six-member team led by psychologist Charles Holahan of the University of Texas at Austin)found that over a 20-year period, mortality rates were highest for those who were not current drinkers, regardless of whether they used to be alcoholics, second highest for heavy drinkers and lowest for moderate drinkers. [br] According to the Alcoholics Anonymous, why do people who don’t drink tend to die sooner than those who do?
选项 A、Because people who don’t drink are desperately lonely.
B、Because people who don’t drink had health problems owing to drinking.
C、Because people who don’t drink have more life stresses.
D、Because people who don’t drink had health problems irrelevant to drinking.
答案 B
解析 细节推断题。定位句指出，匿名戒酒互助会对这一发现的解释是，参与这种调查的非饮酒者往往之前是严重酗酒者，并已经因此有了健康问题，故正确答案为B)“否定的”。
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