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  3. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and

游客2023-07-05  36
问题     In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
    Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV(or a similar distraction)can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
    A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them, in other words, how much they remembered eating.
    This disparity(差异)suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
    "Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal," Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
    These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’ s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’ d consumed a higher-calorie shake.
    What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
    The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says. [br] What is the main idea of the passage?
选项 A、Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B、Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C、Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D、Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
答案 B
解析 主旨题。本文开篇介绍了影响食欲和进食量的因素。即饮食环境和对事物的感知，并在接下来的几段中，分别从视觉上的影响，短期记忆的影响，以及标签的影响来具体说明，并在末尾提出解决的办法，无论是影响还是解决办法，都是从心理层面上来阐述的，故本题答案为B。可见，主旨题需要结合文章首尾，理清文章脉络，才能得出正确的答案。
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