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Workers with skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STE

游客2023-07-04  47
问题     Workers with skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM)are among the most in demand and highest paid. They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth, who will help shape the future. And most of them are men.
    Nadya Fouad, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and her colleagues surveyed more than 5,000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades. They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place.
    For more than two decades, women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees. Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women. For the most part, Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates, the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office, and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance. Of the women who left the field less than five years ago, two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields—72 percent became either managers or executives. One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn’t settle work-life conflicts.
    It is not about making the women more confident or anything. It’s really about the climate in the workplace, Fouad said. Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don’t have superior support. They don’t have training and development opportunities. And their colleagues are not civil to them, look down upon them, or talk behind their backs. The findings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don’t go into or don’t stay in STEM fields. The previous studies tend to explain that women aren’t " naturally" smart enough, and that these are careers for men.
    Furthermore, Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment. The problem should be recognized that women aren’t leaving just because they want to spend time with their children. They’re leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance. The company, starting from the managers, is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women’s development and advance. [br] What is the finding of Nadya Fouad?
选项 A、Women lack confidence in STEM fields.
B、Women just sacrifice their STEM work for family.
C、Women face a terrible work environment in STEM fields.
D、Women dare to challenge impolite colleagues in STEM fields.
答案 C
解析 事实细节题。本题考查纳迪亚·福阿德的研究结果。原文第三段第三句提到，福阿德发现，大多数情况下，真正迫使女性退出这个行业的原因是不文明的工作氛围……。由此可知，在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性的工作氛围是糟糕的，故答案为C)。A)“在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性缺少自信”与第四段第一句不符。原文提到，这不是关于让女性更加自信或者别的什么问题，故排除；B)“女性仅仅是为了家庭而牺牲了她们在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的工作”，尽管第三段末句提到，三分之一的女性表示，她们和孩子们待在家里，因为她们的公司未能解决工作与生活的冲突，但女性离开这些领域的原因众多，B)中的just过于绝对，故排除；D)“女性敢于挑战科学、技术、工程和数学领域不礼貌的同事”与第四段的信息不符。原文提到，她们的同事对她们不友好，这也是她们考虑离开这类工作的原因之一。由此可知，她们并不是勇于挑战，而是考虑退出，故排除。
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