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  3. The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on

The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on

游客2023-06-25  45
问题     The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s【C1】______ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence(生活资料), and that this difference【C2】______ population size and the ability to adequately meet the【C3】______ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally " produces a fundamental struggle for【C4】______ , in which some flourish at the【C5】______ of others.
    Charles Darwin’s most important contribution【C6】______ the field of biology, described in his work, On the Origin of Species, was to【C7】______Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own【C8】______ of the process of "evolution"—the notion that different forms of life develop【C9】______ from a common ancestry(祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin【C10】______that the factors of " the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms【C11】______ which evolution is based. In this sense, then, Darwin introduced the possibility【C12】______ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are【C13】______central to human social existence.
    A number of more contemporary social thinkers were【C14】______ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to【C15】______ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century. Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a【C16】______ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural【C17】______of conflict and survival of the fittest to his notion of social evolution,【C18】______ William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist, saw the【C19】______ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental【C20】______ in the quality of human social life overall. [br] 【C9】
选项 A、permanently
B、occasionally
C、gradually
D、constantly
答案 C
解析 副词辨义。该句空格处需要填入一个副词来修饰“不同的生命形式由共同的祖先发展而来”的方式。达尔文的进化论认为物种是逐渐而缓慢地进化，故答案为gradually。
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