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  3. One fine day about 74,000 years ago, a giant volcano on Sumatra blew its top

One fine day about 74,000 years ago, a giant volcano on Sumatra blew its top

游客2023-06-19  25
问题     One fine day about 74,000 years ago, a giant volcano on Sumatra blew its top. The volcano, named Toba, may have ejected (喷射) 1,000 times more rock and other material than Mount St. Helens in Washington state did in 1980. In the process, it cooled the climate by at least 10°C, causing a global famine.
    Paleoclimate (古气候) evidence suggests that the Toba eruption, which occurred during the last ice age, emitted lots of sulfur dioxide—vastly more than Mount St. Helens did. The eruption also coincided with the start of a 1,000-year period of even colder temperatures. Some scientists have suggested that Toba caused the deep freeze and that perhaps such an event happening today could bring on a new ice age. But models developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, argue otherwise.
    Researchers led by climatologist Alan Robock of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, ran scenarios that featured eruptions producing up to several times more sulfur dioxide than
    Toba. The result, published 27 May in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, was a cooler climate that lasted only a few decades. So the 1,000-year cold spell was probably part of the natural cycle that has produced more than a dozen ice ages over the past couple of million years.
    "The results virtually eliminate mega (非常大的) volcanic eruptions as one of the key drivers of global-scale glaciation," says climatologist Ellen Mosley-Thompson of Ohio State University in Columbus, who was not involved in the study. So, paleoclimatologists should focus on more likely climate coolers, she says, such as changes in ocean circulation or cyclical variations in Earth’s orbit around the sun.
    Still, if Toba erupted today like it did in the past, the results would be catastrophic. Although the volcano isn’t expected to blow its top for thousands of years, Robock and colleagues estimate a mega eruption could lower global temperatures by as much as 17°C for several years, followed by a recovery to normal conditions that could take decades. That would hit the human population with the double whammy of dramatically reduced agricultural production and widespread loss of vegetation, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. [br] What would be the results of the Toba eruption if it happened today?
选项 A、It could affect the Earth for thousands of years.
B、Its influence on climate and human would last for many years.
C、It could take no time for the human population to recover.
D、Many kinds of plants would disappear forever.
答案 B
解析 由题干中的the results of the Toba eruption和happened today定位到最后一段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，一次特大规模的火山爆发会给气候和人类带来持续多年的影响，因此B)为正确答案。
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