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  3. 共用题干 Sunbath and Skin CancerIn the summ

共用题干 Sunbath and Skin CancerIn the summ

考试题库2022-08-02  33
问题 共用题干Sunbath and Skin Cancer
In the summer,millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays.A tan mndi-cates health and beauty,and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it,including themselves.
With each hour, the sun's ultraviolet radiation (紫外线）produces irreversible（不可逆的） damage,hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles.And with each year on the beach or roof-top,the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun.
Fortunately,most of these cancers are highly curable .But they can he disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason,sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe（敬畏）. Sunburn,of course,is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation.Prolonged exposure to UV,howev-er , interferes with the production of collagen fibers（胶原纤维）in the dermis（真皮层）, causing the skin to lose elasticity（弹性）and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration（恶化）of the dermis deprives the epidermis（表皮层）of nutrition and causes it to become thin and dry.
Cancer is UV's final result.Shortwave radiant energy,especially from the UV-B band,breaks the strands（股、缕）of DNA. Enzymes（酶）work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper Se-quence,but with repeated UV exposure,the repair process may eventually break down.Then the mutant（变异的）DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense.People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the high-est risk .Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun,such as the cheeks , nose , lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous（癌变前的）lesions（伤害）or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others.
Dermatologists（皮肤科医生）recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a.m.and 3 p.m.Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen.These lotions and salves（药膏）contain chemicals that block out the burning UVB radiation while permitting the tanning rays to reach the skin.Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?A: Sunburn.B: The loss of skin elasticity.C: Dryness of epidermis.D: The deterioration of dermis.
选项 Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?
A: Sunburn.
B: The loss of skin elasticity.
C: Dryness of epidermis.
D: The deterioration of dermis.
答案 A
解析 在读题时应抓住“over-exposure”一词，在第二段的最后一句“… and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun. ” A项“皱纹”和D项“健康美”都是一般的暴硒引起的而非过度暴硒引起。C项“不惜一切代价”跟过度暴硒没有因果关系。


由第三段可知，皮肤癌即使被治愈，但患者的容貌有可能受损，而导致皮肤癌的正是太阳光，因此可以推断人们应该躲避的是阳光（太阳），而不是皮肤癌。同时，原文是“ treat deity with a good deal of awe（敬畏）”一般是时待神灵才是“满怀敬畏”，而西方传说中太阳也是一位神灵，即太阳神。综上所述，可以推断本题选C。


在文章第三段的第四句“Sunburn , of course , is the initial hazard posed by UV radia-tion.”皮肤变黑实际上是红外线辐射对人体产生的最初危害。先是硒黑，接下来才是真皮受损、失去弹性，损伤表皮。


答案在第四段的第三、第四句“Enzymes(酶) work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence,but with repeated UV exposure,the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant（变异的）DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.”长时间的暴硒造成修复过程崩溃，并有可能导致癌细胞产生。


其实只要抓住“Dematologists（皮肤科医生）recommend”“avoiding  the sun”“ sun screen”“block out”等关键词就能理解最后一段讨论如何预防皮肤癌。
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