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Text l Americans,we are told,believe in

考试题库2022-08-02  29
问题 Text l Americans,we are told,believe in competition.But a shockingly large number of workers-30 million-are shackled by what are called"noncompetes,"which are agreements forbidding employees to leave their job to work for a competitor or to start their own competing business.And the number is growing fast.Once reserved for a corporation's most treasured rainmakers,noncompetes are now routinely applied to low-wage workers like warehouse employees,fast-food workers and even dog sitters.Like other anti-competitive practices,they poison our economy in larger,less perceptible ways.A report from the Treasury Department suggests that noncompetes should be banned for all employees,regardless of skill,industry or wage;they simply do more harm than good.Because laws governing noncompetes vary from state to state,we can analyze the effects of these kinds of contracts on wages,competition and labor mobility.The evidence shows wages in states that enforce noncompetes are 10 percent lower than in states that restrict their use.The Treasury Department concluded in its recent report that"by reducing workers'job options,noncompete agreements force workers to accept lower wages in their current jobs,and may sometimes induce workers to leave their occupations entirely,forgoing accumulated human capital."Workers shackled by noncompetes cannot rely on outside offers and free-market competition to fairly value their talents.Without incentives to increase wages in-house,companies can allow salaries to plateau.California and Massachusetts offer a case study within the high-tech industry.California strictly voids all noncompete agreements.Massachusetts,like most other states,enforces noncompetes.Both states enjoyed an early boom within the high-tech market,but California's Silicon Valley has continued growing,while Massachusetts has sputtered.In Massachusetts the enforcement of those agreements kept out new businesses by preventing people most likely to start new businesses-experienced former employees-from staying in the region.Meanwhile,in Silicon Valley,entrepreneurial activity flourished;thanks to California's refusal to enforce all noncompetes（including those from other jurisdictions）,it remains the tech center of the world.The best companies already realize the damaging effect of post-employment restrictions.Companies with little turnover risk becoming stagnant and short-sighted.In fact,relying on noncompetes rather than active recruitment and retention creates a market for lemons-a business will end up with employees who stay despite their unhappiness.Smart leaders treat departing employees as alumni,rather than sour exes in a divorce.But too many other employers have become increasingly inclined to bring disagreements with their former employees to court,relying on noncompetes rather than positive incentives to retain the best talent and reduce the competition.The liberty to move in the job market not only supports workers'choice,equality and wage growth but also creates the competition that catalyzes entrepreneurship,innovation and overall economic growth.If we want a healthy and free market,we should not shackle workers to the first business that offers them a job.Let them compete.In the author's view,noncompetes should be_____A.unconditionally abolished for workersB.specifically reserved for high talentsC.strictly limited to high-tech industriesD.only banned for those taking first jobs
选项 A.unconditionally abolished for workers
B.specifically reserved for high talents
C.strictly limited to high-tech industries
D.only banned for those taking first jobs
答案 A
解析 [信息锁定]第二段末句先借财政部报告指出：应对所有劳动者严禁实行竞业禁止，无论技能、工资或行业；第三段随后分析竞业禁止在薪资、竞争、人才流动三方面的负面影响（不利工资上浮、不利推动竞争、不利人才流动）；第四段以麻省、加州对竞业禁止的不同政策从而收获不同经济效益为例说明竞业禁止对竞争、创业的危害；第五段进而指出企业减少竞争的最佳做法：依赖积极正面的激励措施留住人才而非依赖竞业禁止一纸协议；末段最后总结：不该对员工施加竞业禁止束缚，应让其竞争起来。就此可知，作者对竞业禁止持批判态度，与财政部报告站位一致，A.正确。[解题技巧]B.出自第二段①句“过去竞业禁止只用于高级人才，现在却扩大到低薪员工”（据most treasured rainmakers和low-wage workers的对比可知前者属于“高收入／高级人才”），但该句意在强调竟业禁止适用范围扩大，已呈泛滥趋势；C.与第四段文意“竞业禁止不利于高科技产业自由竞争、长期发展”相悖；D.看似与末段②句相符，却未掌握②句实乃“以极端凸显普遍”手法，即以“不能借助竞业禁止协议将劳动者终身捆绑在一个公司”凸显“要给劳动者Ia由进出劳动市场（即工作选择）的权利，不能靠一纸协议来将其束缚住”。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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