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Text 3 University used to be for a privi

练习题库2022-08-02  33
问题 Text 3 University used to be for a privileged few.In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage.Although that is excellent news,rew countries have worked out how to pay for it.In some of continental Europe,where the state often foots the bill,the result has usually been under investment.In America,where students themselves pay,many have little choice but to take on huge debts.English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance,with a mix of student fees and generous state loans.But,nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs,the system has dwindling support at home.Jeremy Corbyn,Labour's leader,speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers.He has called for an end to the"debt burden"on students,and has claimed that"fewer working-class young people are applying to university,"Labour's showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.Mr Corbyn's argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance.Twenty years ago English students could go to university free,with the state covering the cost.The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take.Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education,from around 30%of 18-year-olds to more than 40%-and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms.Graduates only pay back based on their income above￡21,000 a year,meaning that their debts never become unmanageable.Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years.Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations（rich oldsters attended university free,after all）,but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations-as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell,and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.The real problem with the English system is not fairness,but that fees have not driven up standards.Almost all universities charge the maximum,whatever the course-not because they are a"cartel",but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price,second-rate degree.Nevertheless,surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information.The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices.It could also encourage students to hold universities to account,with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect,and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied.If students think they are not getting value for money,support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle.And that could lead to the most regressive step of all:scrapping tuition fees.Currently,the tuition fees system in the UK has_____A.received acclaim from youngstersB.incurred criticism from LabourC.ended the debt burden on studentsD.reduced applications and attendance
选项 A.received acclaim from youngsters
B.incurred criticism from Labour
C.ended the debt burden on students
D.reduced applications and attendance
答案 B
解析 [信息锁定]第二段③句引用工党领袖科尔宾之言指出英国现行的大学学费支付体制“阻碍贫困学生上大学、加重学生债务负担”．故B.正确。[解题技巧]A.与②句”英国现行体制在国内支持率下降”以及末句“很多年轻选举人支持工党言论”所表明的内容“年轻人反对这一体制”相悖．C.将科尔宾对现行体制的反对态度“呼吁结束学生的债务负担”（called for an cnd to the“debt burden”on students）曲解为现行体制的成效“结束了学生的债务负担”；D.将科尔宾的批评之言“现行体制使申请上大学的工薪阶层年轻人越来越少”放大为“现行体制使大学申请和录取人数减少”，而根据第三段④句内容，现行体制实际上促进了高等教育的扩张。
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