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  3. Text 3 In 2010,a federal judge shook Ame

Text 3 In 2010,a federal judge shook Ame

题库2022-08-02  54
问题 Text 3 In 2010,a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20%of human genes were patented.But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organization（BIO）,a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents’monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal taskforce urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are unlikely patented or in the public domain.Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.Companies are eager to win patents for“connecting the dots，”explains Hans Sauer,a lawyers for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only manmade products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests
选项 A.genetic tests are not reliable
B.only manmade products are patentable
C.patents on genes depend much on innovation
D.courts should restrict access to genetic tests
答案 B
解析 细节题【命题思路】这是一道局部细节题，需要根据题干关键信息对文章相应内容进行准确定位从而识别反对基因专利的人所持立场。【直击答案】根据题干信息“against gene patents”定位到第三段第三句，题干中反对基因专利的人即为原文信息“Critics”批评者，他们反对基因专利有三条理由。根据第一条理由，自然的产物即基因不能被授予专利，相反，人造的产物就可以被授予专利，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项属于无中生有，根据第三条理由限制基因测试的原因是专利垄断，而并非是选项说的基因测试不可靠。C项属于偷换概念，根据第二条理由，基因专利抑制了创新，而非取决于创新。D项也属于偷换概念，根据第三条理由，是专利垄断而非法院限制使用基因测试。
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英语二研究生

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