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  3. Text 4 Many Americans regard the jury sy

Text 4 Many Americans regard the jury sy

免费题库2022-08-02  13
问题 Text 4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting socalled elite or blueribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v．Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed_____A.sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC.jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityD.states oug
选项 A.sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
B.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
C.jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
D.states oug
答案 B
解析 细节题【命题思路】这是一道细节题，考生在回文定位后，通过同义替换可以锁定正确答案。【直击答案】根据题干定位到最后一段，第二句提到这一法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊的教育背景要求。其中this law指代上句提到的“Jury Selection and Service Act”，B项中的less rigid（不那么严格）与原文中的“abolished special requirements”（废除特殊要求）构成同义替换，为正确答案。【干扰排除】末段第三句提到C项的内容，但并不是题干中所说的《陪审员遴选及服务条例》带来的结果，而是Taylor v．Louisiana的裁决中最高法院做出的决定，属于张冠李戴。A项的内容也是Taylor v．Louisiana的裁决结果，虽然内容正确但是不符合题干的要求。第三段首句提到在国会通过《陪审员遴选及服务条例》后，进入了陪审团制度民主改革的新时代。文章虽指出了陪审团制度的改革，但是并未提及改革是否要符合联邦法律，D项属于无中生有。另外，排除A、C、D项还可运用“跨越范围是干扰项”的方法。A、C、D项都是“1975 decision Taylor v．Louisiana”管理的范围，而题干的关键词“Jury Selection and Service Act”属于in 1968管理的范围。A、C、D项跨越范围，错误。
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