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  3. Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

最全题库2022-08-02  35
问题 Text 3 Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits，”said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,ColgatePalmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewed advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavitypreventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of faroff springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.From the text we know that some of consumers'habits are developed due to______A.perfected art of productsB.automatic behavior creationC.commercial promotionsD.scientific experiments
选项 A.perfected art of products
B.automatic behavior creation
C.commercial promotions
D.scientific experiments
答案 C
解析 推理题【命题思路】这是一道开放式推理题，需综合考虑整篇文章。考生在解题的时候应将本题与文章的主旨相关联，提炼出文章的中心就可以得到本题的正确答案。【直击答案】文章第六段提到“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.”紧接着作者又提到“there is certain power in tying certain behaviors to habits cues through ruthless advertising.”trying certain behaviors to habits对应题干的some of consumers'habits are developed，commercially viable及ruthless advertising对应commercial promotions，因此C项为正确答案。此外，考生也可以从第三段和第四段的具体事例中的得出同样的结论。【干扰排除】首句中的“automatic behaviors”指“habits”，A项中的perfected art of products将原文中的“automatic behaviors/habits”换成了products，故排除。B项中的automatic behavior creation即habits creation（习惯的形成）。而题干问的是习惯培养的原因是什么，B项答非所问。末段首句提到了“experiments”，通过实验观察，社会科学家发现了广告可以使得特定的形成转化为习惯。实验并不是形成习惯的原因，故排除D项。
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