首页
登录
学历类
In the idealized version of how science
In the idealized version of how science
考试题库
2022-08-02
55
问题
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’sanyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi would most likely agree that _______.A. scientific claims will survive challengesB. discoveries today inspire future researchC. efforts to make discoveries are justifiedD. scientific work calls for a critical mind
选项
A. scientific claims will survive challenges
B. discoveries today inspire future research
C. efforts to make discoveries are justified
D. scientific work calls for a critical mind
答案
D
解析
由题干中Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi定位到第四段,该段倒数第三句指出:...Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”,可知Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi认为科学发现就是见别人之所见,想别人之未想,也就是需要进行批判性思考,因此正确答案为D项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/xueli/2699132.html
本试题收录于:
英语一研究生题库研究生入学分类
英语一研究生
研究生入学
相关试题推荐
Intheidealizedversionofhowscience
Intheidealizedversionofhowscience
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWe
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWe
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWe
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrar
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrar
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrar
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrar
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrar
随机试题
PassageThree[br]Whotendstobetheleastlonelyaccordingtothepassage?Ap
Let’sproceedtothemainexhibithallandlookatsomeoftheactualvehicl
Throughouthistorythebasicunitofalmosteveryhumansocietyhasbeenthe
中共十七大报告指出,科学发展观的第一要义是()A.发展 B.创新 C.改革
下列有关排水管敷设要求的说法中,错误的是( )。A.不得穿越卧室 B.不管穿
超声辐射剂量与下列无关的是A.受辐射时间长短 B.发射声束功率大小 C.发射
对在用钢结构桥梁进行承载力评定时,荷载作用下的变形应按()计算评定。A:γ0S
以人力资源受教育程度来考察的人力资源组合情况称为( )。A.人力资源自然结构
护理义务论分为行为义务论和()。A.理论义务论 B.实践义务论 C.职业义
使用电子计算机进行会计核算的,其软件及其生成的会计凭证、会计账簿、财务会计报告和
最新回复
(
0
)