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  3. Directions: Read the following text car

Directions: Read the following text car

练习题库2022-08-02  21
问题 Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)　　It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.　　One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal neeD.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.　　Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magiC.In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural worlD.(50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.
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答案
解析 46.【答案】然而，只要看看无家可归者创造的花园的照片，你就会意识到尽管样式各异，但这些花园除了表达(人类)装饰和创造的欲望之外，更体现了人类其他根本的强烈愿望。
　　【解析】①结构分析：本句由when引导的状语从句和主句it strikes one that...构成。when引导的状语从句中过去分词短语created by the homeless作后置定语修饰gardens；主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的名词性从句，该that从句中介词短语for all their diversity of styles和beyond that of decoration and creative expression均作插入语，从句主语为these gardens，宾语为various other fundamental urges。
②内容要点分析：主句中谓语strike在此处应译为“让人意识到”。介词短语for all their diversity of styles表明花园“虽然样式各异”，介词for应理解为despite；而介词短语beyond that of decoration and creative expression则强调根本愿望（fundamental urges）超越了基本需求（即装饰和创新），其中that指代之前的urges。
47. 【答案】安宁的圣地(体现的)是人类特有的需要，无论怎样疏于雕琢，它仍与遮风挡雨之所不同，后者(反映的)是动物特有的需要。
　　【解析】①结构分析：本句结构清晰，主句主语为A sacred place of peace，谓语为系动词is，宾语为a distinctly human need。however crude it may be为让步状语从句作插入成分；as引导非限定性定语从句as opposed to shelter修饰主语，该从句中主语与主句主语一致，且谓语为系动词，因此从句主语与谓语均省略，完整形式应为as it is opposed to shelter；which引导的非限制性定语从句which is a distinctly animal need修饰shelter。
②内容要点分析：让步状语从句however crude it may be中however相当于no matter how，意为“不管多么”，crude指“简陋的”，形容无家可归者建造的简朴甚至有点粗陋的花园。shelter与主句主语sacred place of peace形成对照，强调无家可归者建造的花园即便如十分简陋，仍体现出人的根本愿望而与动物需求完全不同的性质。
48. 【答案】这种无家可归者的花园实质上是无定所的花园，它们把“形式”引入城市环境，而城市环境中原本要么没有这种“形式”，要么并没把它当成“形式”看待。
　　【解析】①结构分析：本句结构并不复杂，主句中含有两个非限定性定语从句，主句主语为the gardens of the homeless，谓语为introduce，宾语为form。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰主句主语，into an urban environment为介词短语作状语，where引导定语从句修饰地点urban environment。
②内容要点分析：主句中的宾语form承接了上文中the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment，把无家可归者建造的花园作为一种形式，即为获得心绪安宁而对个人与周围环境关系的建构。homeless gardens不能直接翻译为“无家可归的花园”，而应结合上下文理解为无家可归者的花园随其漂泊而无定所。由where引导的定语从句中as such，原意为“就其本身而言”，这里指“形式（form）要么根本不曾存在，要么（是存在却）没被当做形式辨认出来（discernible）”。
49. 【答案】我们大多数人通常把陷入精神颓丧归咎于某些心理疾病，直到有一天置身花园，才顿觉压抑感神奇地消失了。
　　【解析】①结构分析：本句主体结构包括主句和由until引导的时间状语从句，主句中含有一个定语从句，后者则含有一个条件状语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰，修饰前面的most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit，而until从句中as if引导条件状语从句，与47题中as引导的非限定性定语从句情况相同，完整形式应为as if it is by magic。
②内容要点分析：
demoralization的动词形式为demoralize，demoralize意为“使士气低沉；使意志消沉”，根据上下文，此处将demoralization译为“颓废”较为准确。另外，condition在与身心有关的内容中指“疾患”而不是通常意义上的“情况，状况”，因此此处应将psychological condition译作“心理疾病”。
50. 【答案】虽然有“扩大词义外延”的意味，但正是这种对大自然或隐晦或明晰的参照让用“花园”一词来描述这些人造组合有了充分的根据。
　　【解析】①结构分析：本句为It is...that...结构的强调句，强调的是主语this implicit or explicit reference to nature，though in a “liberated” sense为插入语，不定式to describe these synthetic constructions作后置定语修饰the use of the word garden。
②内容要点分析：插入语though in a “liberated” sense中的“liberated”为liberate（解放；释放）的过去分词形式，前文提到无家可归者无法培育植被或饲养动物，但用色彩、小水坑和捡来的花草植物甚至布绒玩具等装点自己的花园，结合语境可知此处“liberated”强调无家可归者的花园并非寻常意义上的花园，而是在其之外的另一种存在形式，因此“花园”这个词义的内涵得到扩大。
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