An old saying has it that half of all ad

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问题 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted — the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.　　In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine- grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?　　In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft’s Internet Explorerand Apple’s Safari both offerDNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industrywould get cracking on responding to DNT requests.　　On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.　　Advertisers are horrified.Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”　　It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.　　Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.A.fter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8 — though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?“The industry” ( Para.3) refers to ______.A. online advertisers.B. e-commerce conductors.C. digital information analysts.D. internet browser developers.

选项 A. online advertisers.
B. e-commerce conductors.
C. digital information analysts.
D. internet browser developers.

答案 D

解析词义题。题干中的The industry出现在第三段最后一句的宾语从句中，句意为“…认为该行业可能会继续对‘不要跟踪’(DNT)之要求做出尽快的回应”。在此，the industry带有定冠词，说明与“它”相关的信息应在上文提及。第三段开头说2010年12月联邦贸易委员会提议在网络浏览器上添加“不要跟踪”(DNT)选项，…各大软件技术公司研发的网络浏览器如微软IE、苹果Safari及谷歌Chrome相继提供“不要跟踪”(DNT)选项。所以the industry就是这些“浏览器开发商”，故D项为正确答案。

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An old saying has it that half of all ad

英语一研究生

研究生入学