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  3. Text 3 The relationship between formal e

Text 3 The relationship between formal e

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问题 Text 3 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social,political and intellectual development of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it,because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and,as a result,radically higher standards of living.Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.The U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S.economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda,Nissan,and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts--a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently,while examining housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it.After all,that's how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago,they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however,doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that__________.A.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedB.the Japanese workforce is more productiveC.the U.S workforce has a better educationD.the U.S workforce is more organize
选项 A.the Japanese workforce is better disciplined
B.the Japanese workforce is more productive
C.the U.S workforce has a better education
D.the U.S workforce is more organize
答案 B
解析 文章第二段谈到“具有讽刺意味的是，证明这种思想（把教育放在促进经济发展动力的第一位是错误的）最早的证据在美国。不久以前，随着这个国家进入衰退而日本处于泡沫经济破灭之前的顶峰，美国劳动力被讥笑为差火的教育，而这种教育情况也被视为美国经济不好表现的主要原因之一。日本在自动化生产效率方面，现在仍然是全球的领导者。而最新的研究显示，本田、尼桑、丰田等美国的工厂取得了大约95%他们日本工厂的生产效率。”由此，显然B是正确答案。A的内容是无中生有；C和D的内容和文章的观点相反。
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