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  3. Text 3 The relationship between formal e

Text 3 The relationship between formal e

资格题库2022-08-02  29
问题 Text 3 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social,political and intellectual development of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it,because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and,as a result,radically higher standards of living.Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.The U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S.economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda,Nissan,and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts--a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently,while examining housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it.After all,that's how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago,they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however,doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.32.It is stated in Paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system__________.A.challenges economists and politiciansB.takes efforts of generationsC.demands priority from the governmentD.requires sufficient labor force
选项 A.challenges economists and politicians
B.takes efforts of generations
C.demands priority from the government
D.requires sufficient labor force
答案 B
解析 文章第一段第四句谈到“我们很幸运的是这样的（把教育放在最优先的地位是错误的），因为新的教育体系以及把足够的人集中在一起通过他们来提升经济的表现将需要几代人的努力。”而B项正是反映了这一句话的内容，故答案为B。A的内容是对文章第一段出现的政治家和经济学家内容的错误对应；C是传统观点，不是作者观点；D是谈到问题的现象而不是内容的本质。
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