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  3. Text 3 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberla

Text 3 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberla

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问题 Text 3 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago,today’s people–especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations–apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of 20,demands calories and nutrients–notably,protein–to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the 20th century,under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height–5′9″for men,5′4″for women–hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change,but don’t expect this to happen soon.ClaireC.Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large,“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example toA.illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B.show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..C.compare different generations of NBA players.D.assess the achievements of famous NBA players.
选项 A.illustrate the change of height of NBA players.
B.show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..
C.compare different generations of NBA players.
D.assess the achievements of famous NBA players.
答案 A
解析 由题干中的关键词“Wilt Chamberlain”以及出题顺序显然定位在第一段。该段以著名球员张伯伦事例为切入点，通过高个子NBA球员数量的增加说明职业运动员的身高呈现出快速增长的趋势。所以A项正确。B、D项很容易排除，因为“受欢迎”和“成就”在文中并没有信息对应，属于无中生有，脱离文章题意对文章中关键词的任意发挥项，虽然其选项符合一定的逻辑，如NBA球员确实受欢迎，然而符合逻辑的不一定是文章涉及的。此外，这两项都带有褒义色彩，而第一段论述明显是客观性很强的事实陈述，因此排除B、D项；C项具有迷惑性
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