Text 1 It is a familiar ritual for many:

考试题库2022-08-02 31

问题 Text 1 It is a familiar ritual for many:after a late night out you reach for your smartphone to hail an Uber home.only to find-disaster-that the fare will be three times the normal rate.Like many things beloved by economists,"surge pricing"of the sort that occasionally afflicts Uber-users is both efficient and deeply unpopular.From a consumer's perspective,surge pricing is annoying at best and downright offensive when applied during emergencies.Extreme fare surges often lead to outpourings of public criticism:when a snowstorm paralysed New York in 2013,celebrities,including Salman Rushdie,took to social media to rail against triple-digit fares for relatively short rides.Some city governments have banned the practice altogether:Delhi's did so in April.Surge（or dynamic）pricing relies on frequent price adjustments to match supply and demand.Such systems are sometimes used to set motorway tolls（which rise and fall with demand in an effort to keep traffic flowing）,or to adjust the price of energy in electricity markets.A lower-tech version is common after natural disasters,when shopkeepers raise the price of necessities like bottled water and batteries as supplies run low.People understandably detest such practices.It offends the sensibilities of non-economists that the same journey should cost different amounts from one day or hour to the next-and more,invariably,when the need is most desperate.Yet surge fares also demonstrate the elegance with which prices moderate a marketplace.When demand in an area spikes and the waiting time for a car rises,surge pricing kicks in;users requesting carsare informed that the fare will be a multiple of the normal rate.As the multiple rises,the market goes to work.Higher fares ration available cars by willingness to pay:to richer users,in some cases,but also to those less able to wait out the surge period or with fewer good altematives.Charging extra to those without good alternatives sounds like gouging,yet without surge pricing such riders would be less likely to get a ride at all.since there would be no incentive for all the other people requesting cars to drop out.Surge pricing also boosts supply,at least locally,The extra money is shared with drivers,who therefore have an incentive to l:ravel to areas with high demand to help relieve the crush.Whether Uber remains a big part of the transport network in future,and whether it retains surge pricing,depends in part on how well local govemments manage the transport system as a whole.In other words,surge pricing is really only as painful as local officials allow it to be.24.The cause of surge fares in automobiles lies inA.the elegance and attraction of cars.B.a rush of demand in some areas.C.richer users'willingness to pay extra money.D.a short supply ofgood altematives.

选项 A.the elegance and attraction of cars.
B.a rush of demand in some areas.
C.richer users'willingness to pay extra money.
D.a short supply ofgood altematives.

答案 D

解析事实细节题。第三段举了汽车价格的例子，其中第五句提到“在没有很好的替代品时收取额外费用，听起来像是抢劫”，因此可推测汽车价格的提高是因为供不应求，且没有好的替代品，故选D项。【干扰排除】第三段第一句提到，价格的增长证明了市场调节的好处，并不是汽车的优雅，所以A项错误；第三段最后一句提到价格升高能缓解一些地方的需求，但部分地区的需求不是汽车价格增高的原因，B项颠倒因果关系，可排除；C项“更有钱的用户愿意付额外费用”，第三段提到有钱人为了减少等待时间，愿意付更高价格，但这不是价格增高的原因，而是结果。

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Text 1 It is a familiar ritual for many:

英语一研究生

研究生入学