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Students of United States history, seeki

题库2022-08-02  45
问题 Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.　　The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.　　Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.　　Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study _____.A.would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminismB.would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feministsC.would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D.promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 1848
选项 A.would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminism
B.would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feminists
C.would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832
D.promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 1848
答案 A
解析 由文章第二段可知，女权主义是Saint-Simonianism乌托邦社会主义的一个重要部分，因此它成为了影响美国女权主义运动的意识形态上的最重要的来源，要研究女权主义，则必须对Saint-Simonianism乌托邦社会主义有很好的研究。由此推断A选项正确。B选项说的是美国女权运动中的乌托邦社会主义，这点信息在文中并未提到。C，D选项都涉及到了具体的细节，不属于推断。
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