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Students of United States history, seeki

考试题库2022-08-02  56
问题 Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.　　The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.　　Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.　　Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the Unrated States as “solitary” to be _____.A.insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thoughtB.overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848C.not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD.insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference
选项 A.insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought
B.overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848
C.not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope
D.insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference
答案 A
解析 由文章第一段第三句“they failed to…development of feminism.”，可知，美国的女权运动事实上并不是独立的，而是与当时欧洲的意识形态相关联的。因此，A选项中说这些历史学家对美国女权主义的国际起源不了解，正确。B选项中说过于关心也属于无关选项。C选项中说不能够细致到地理差异上的问题，正好与原文表达的意思相反。D选项是没有足够地意识到Seneca Falls Conference对女权主义意识形态上的影响，而这次会议是美国女权运动的一部分，而不属于欧洲意识形态变化的运动，因此错误。
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