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  3. Passage 1 Economically speaking,are we

Passage 1 Economically speaking,are we

练习题库2022-08-02  31
问题 Passage 1Economically speaking,are we better off than we were ten years ago Twenty years ago In their thirst for evidence on this issue,commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau,which found that average household income rose by 5.2%in 2014.Unfortunately,that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful,but flawed and incomplete,statistic.Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure are that:1）it excludes taxes,transfers,and compensation like employer-provided health insurance;and 2）it is based on surveys rather than data.Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being,such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question,we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow,which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect,it is considerably more comprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time,life expectancy,and inequality.Moreover,it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example.Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S.and France in 2005.In 2005,as the authors observe:real consumption per person in France was only 60%as high as the U.S.,making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average.However,that comparison omits other relevant factors:leisure time,life expectancy,and economic inequality.The French take longer vacations and retire earlier,so typically work fewer hours;they enjoy a higher life expectancy,presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care,diet,lifestyle,and the like;and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S.Because of these differences,comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S.and other countries.For example,this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97%of U.S.levels,but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time.According to this measure,as of the early-to-mid-2000s,the U.S.had the highest economic welfare of any large country.Since 2007,economic welfare in the U.S.has continued to improve.However,the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically,the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional.Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for example,decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.What does the author think of the 2014 report by the Census Bureau （　　）A.It is based on questionable statistics.B.It reflects the economic changes.C.It evidences the improved-welfare.D.It provides much food for thought.
选项 A.It is based on questionable statistics.
B.It reflects the economic changes.
C.It evidences the improved-welfare.
D.It provides much food for thought.
答案 A
解析 根据关键词2014和Census Bureau定位至第二段，Unfortunately,that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful,but flawed and incomplete,statistic.不幸的是，这一结论过于强调统计数据，而该数据虽有效，但有缺陷和不完整。该数据有缺陷且不完整，自然是有问题的数据。B项：它反映了经济变化；C项：它证明了福利的改善；D项：它提供了许多值得思考的事情。故本题正确答案选A。
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