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资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid wo

资格题库2022-08-02  28
问题 资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）Which statement is true about the restrictions on work?A.In developing countries, the gender discrimination in work field is spreading to more countries.B.Due to work restrictions, women cannot work in some tough industries.C.Women appreciate being treated as weaker sex in some countries so as to bear children.D.Lifting restrictions on a list of dangerous jobs can help to solve the problem of inequality in work.
选项 A.In developing countries, the gender discrimination in work field is spreading to more countries.
B.Due to work restrictions, women cannot work in some tough industries.
C.Women appreciate being treated as weaker sex in some countries so as to bear children.
D.Lifting restrictions on a list of dangerous jobs can help to solve the problem of inequality in work.
答案 B
解析 本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】true; about the restrictions on work
【主题句】第1自然段Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries. 即使富裕国家试图摆脱工作场所微妙的性别偏见，但在许多发展中国家，歧视仍然存在。根据世界银行的统计，104个国家的妇女被禁止从事某些工作。
第3自然段The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. 目的通常是保护“弱势性”。 有些法律规定妇女与儿童同属一个类别；它们涉及到看起来体力要求高的工作，例如采矿、建筑和制造业。
第3自然段Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. 其他涉及更多的安全问题的担忧。例如，在孟买，女店主不能和男子一样营业得那么晚。其他法律旨在保护女性繁衍后代的能力。 “这些政策往往具有人口动机，特别是在出生率低的国家，”伊克巴尔女士说。
第4自然段Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995.夜间工作的限制起源于工业革命期间的英格兰。1948年，国际劳工组织（劳工组织）仍试图让妇女远离采矿和工业夜间工作。西班牙直到1995年才解除女工在采矿、电力和一些建筑工作的限制。第5自然段But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. 但总的来说，趋势是走向自由化。
【解析】本题的问题是“哪个关于工作限制的说法是正确的？”A选项“在发展中国家，工作领域的性别歧视正在蔓延到更多国家”；B选项“由于工作限制，女性不能在一些体力要求高的行业工作”；C选项“妇女对于在一些国家被视为性别弱势好来繁衍后代很欣慰”；D选项“取消对一系列危险工作的限制有助于解决工作中的不平等问题”。根据主题句，许多发展中国家存在性格歧视，但并没有体现蔓延趋势，A选项错误；结合上下文，由于法律限制，女性不能涉及采矿、建筑等工作，B选项正确；根据被采访者伊克巴尔女士的说法，不能推断女性群体对此持肯定态度，故C选项错误；取消对一系列危险工作的限制有助于解决不平等，文中未提及，故D选项错误。
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