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  3. The worsening crisis at the Fukushima Power Station in Japan has led to inev

The worsening crisis at the Fukushima Power Station in Japan has led to inev

游客2025-04-20  25
问题     The worsening crisis at the Fukushima Power Station in Japan has led to inevitable comparisons with the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster that killed workers at the plant instantly, caused cancers in the surrounding population and spread radioactive contamination so far that livestock restrictions are still in place at some farms around the Ukraine.
    The situation at Fukushima is certainly grave and immediately dangerous for those at the site who are fighting to make the crippled reactors and fuel storage ponds safe.
    But whatever warnings are now being issued by foreign governments to their citizens in Japan, there are significant differences that set this apart from the catastrophe in Ukraine.
    At Chernobyl the nuclear reactor exploded after a surge in power that blew the top off the power plant and sent how fuel high into the upper atmospheres, where it floated across national borders. A fire that broke out in the graphite core forced more radioactive material into the air, helping it spread further. The reactor had no containment facility to even slow the release of radiation from the plant.
    The Fukushima boiling water reactor is a 40-year-old power plant and it has some glaring design flaws, but the reactors have been switched off for five days, so there is less fresh radioactive material around, and each core is contained within a 20cm-thick steel container, which is then protected by a steel-lined reinforced concrete outer structure. Even in the case of a meltdown, these measures should at least limit the amount of radiation released.
    But what of the population beyond? The risk from radiation falls off substantially with distance. The authorities have already imposed an exclusion zone of 12 miles around the power station, introduced food bans and dispensed potassium iodide pills to those in the surrounding area.
    For the more distant population, the most serious radioactive substances that would be released are caesium-137 and iodine-131. These are extremely volatile., so can be carried a long way. But dangerous doses are not likely to travel far on the wind. The danger comes when radioactive iodine and caesium rain down on the ground, on the pastureland, for example, and livestock eat it. Cows concentrate radioactive iodine in their milk. Radioactive caesium accumulates in muscles, and in the past has built up in grazing sheep. The threat to humans then comes from drinking milk and eating contaminated meat. Both can raise the risk of cancer—iodine especially by being absorbed into children’s thyroid glands.
    What happened at Chernobyl, which was a much more serious accident than this, was that the local Soviet authorities were in denial, they didn’t get people out of the area, they didn’t evacuate quickly enough, and they allowed children to continue to drink heavily contaminated milk, and as a consequence, many children received high doses of radiation to the thyroid and we’ve seen thousands of thyroid cancers as a consequence. [br] Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
选项 A、Eyeing Japan, Countries Reassess Nuclear Plans.
B、Lessons for Japan from the Chernobyl Catastrophe.
C、Recent Events in Fukushima Evoked Worldwide Care
D、Japan’s Horror Reveals How Thin Is the Edge We Live on
答案 B
解析 本题为主旨分析题。综合全文可知，作者分别从出事的前后过程、气候以及政府采取的措施等方面，分析了切尔诺贝利核泄露事件与日本福岛核泄露事件的不同之处，B选项说“日本从切尔诺贝利核泄露事件中学习到的教训”，概述了全文的中心思想。文章中只是提及一些外国政府对它们住在日本的公民发出了警告，但是并没有详细讲述各国对日本核泄露事件的关注和态度，以及该事件给人们造成的恐慌或影响，因此，B、C和D选项不正确。因此，B选项为正确选项。
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