首页
登录
职称英语
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
游客
2024-01-11
63
管理
问题
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tribes
have been unable to collect adequate carbohydrates in the rain forest due to its
lack of starch producing species, and were thus forced to develop trade
Line relationships with agriculturalists. This hypothesis has been shown to rest on
(5) impossibly idealized conceptions of virgin rain forest, forager behavior and
history, such that one may argue something diametrically different: millennia of
trade relationships with agricultural peoples have led to changes in forager
behaviors and in the composition of the forests they inhabit. Supposing that
humans modify their environments in ways that are generally favorable toward
(10) their continued survival, it follows that an increased reliance on agriculturalists
for carbohydrates might lead to the gradual disappearance of rain forest
starches. Horticulturalists are likely to dedicate the majority of their efforts
toward staple starch crops such as rice or wheat, which in some environments
may provide a more efficient source of carbohydrates than does foraging.
(15) Foragers, then, would be inclined to assume the "professional primitive" role,
and trade more tasty and nutritious rain forest resources such as meat and fruit
in exchange for carbohydrates, as Headland himself observed in a multitude of
cultures around the world.
Foragers may have also lost some of their knowledge and technologies
(20) related to carbohydrate extraction from the rain forest, and the carbohydrate-
rich rain forest species may have arrested their co-evolution with foragers,
leaving the impression that rain forests have always possessed insufficient
quantities of such resources to support humans. A co-evolutionary argument is
not, however, necessary to this line of reasoning, for rain forests may adapt
(25) purely in terms of the quantity and availability of extant carbohydrate-rich
species, as the case of sago palms evinces in two ways. Firstly, the selective
harvesting of some trees has been shown to have a "thinning" effect which helps
the species to gain sunlight and to thrive, positively affecting its long-term
survival, reproduction and distribution at the expense of carbohydrate-rich
(30) species. Secondly, the sago palm has two means of reproduction: vegetatively,
or through "suckers", and through seed disbursal, which whether intentional
and inadvertent is likely to increase when humans are harvesting the trees.
Although sago palms are particularly prevalent in the areas where, for instance,
the Penan foragers exploit it, there has been no study to show that this would
(35) remain the case if the Penan were to move, or to cease exploiting the trees.
Admittedly, this response to the Headland Hypothesis has problems, for
not all carbohydrate producing species are disbursed by seeds, nor have they all
been shown to benefit from human foraging behaviors. Theories of co-evolution
do, however, predict that such relationships would be likely to evolve, and the
(40) simple fact that disturbing the rain forest through fire, sago harvesting, and
countless other means available to foragers can lead to better environments for
carbohydrate growth, illustrates that significant changes could have occurred in
much less time than one might expect. [br] The author of the passage mentions the " ’professional primitive’ role" (line 15) assumed by foragers in their relationships with agriculturalists primarily in order to
选项
A、inform the reader of the potential cause of certain changes in rain forest composition
B、suggest that foragers may have developed agricultural practices, then abandoned them in order to focus on more specialized food-gathering practices
C、explain why certain food gathering practices may be less efficient sources of carbohydrates than others
D、introduce new evidence for the interdependence between agriculturalists and foragers in the rain forest economy
E、suggest that certain rain forest food products are healthier than others, though more difficult to obtain through foraging
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352982.html
相关试题推荐
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
Wedidnotdiscoverthathisapprehensionconcerningourhypothesiswas______unt
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Willsarguesthatcertainmalarialparasitesareespecially(i)______becausethey
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
PhilosopherCornelWestarguesthatbothEuropeanandAfricancivilizationshave
随机试题
Astudentshouldunderstandtherelationofbasicresearchtoappliedresearch,
Dogswerefirstdomesticatedfromwolvesatleast17,000yearsago,butperh
Completetheflow-chartbelow.ChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachan
在入学前户籍所在地应征入伍的高校应届毕业生应于()前将户籍迁回入学前户籍地。A.
关于施工质量事故报告和施工调查的说法,正确的有()。A、工程质量事故发生后,
限制进口的贸易保护手段包括( )。A:进口关税 B:配额 C:关税配额
出纳人员可直接依据有关收、付款业务的原始凭证办理收、付款业务。()
具有磺胺类药物结构,作用于近曲小管的利尿药是()A.螺内酯 B.氢氯噻嗪 C
如图2-12所示,在玻璃(折射率n3=1.60)表面镀一层MgF2(折射率n
医患关系的实质是( )。A.具有经济性质的商业关系 B.具有契约性质的信托关
最新回复
(
0
)