首页
登录
职称英语
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tri
游客
2024-01-11
75
管理
问题
The Headland Hypothesis argues that foraging or non-agricultural tribes
have been unable to collect adequate carbohydrates in the rain forest due to its
lack of starch producing species, and were thus forced to develop trade
Line relationships with agriculturalists. This hypothesis has been shown to rest on
(5) impossibly idealized conceptions of virgin rain forest, forager behavior and
history, such that one may argue something diametrically different: millennia of
trade relationships with agricultural peoples have led to changes in forager
behaviors and in the composition of the forests they inhabit. Supposing that
humans modify their environments in ways that are generally favorable toward
(10) their continued survival, it follows that an increased reliance on agriculturalists
for carbohydrates might lead to the gradual disappearance of rain forest
starches. Horticulturalists are likely to dedicate the majority of their efforts
toward staple starch crops such as rice or wheat, which in some environments
may provide a more efficient source of carbohydrates than does foraging.
(15) Foragers, then, would be inclined to assume the "professional primitive" role,
and trade more tasty and nutritious rain forest resources such as meat and fruit
in exchange for carbohydrates, as Headland himself observed in a multitude of
cultures around the world.
Foragers may have also lost some of their knowledge and technologies
(20) related to carbohydrate extraction from the rain forest, and the carbohydrate-
rich rain forest species may have arrested their co-evolution with foragers,
leaving the impression that rain forests have always possessed insufficient
quantities of such resources to support humans. A co-evolutionary argument is
not, however, necessary to this line of reasoning, for rain forests may adapt
(25) purely in terms of the quantity and availability of extant carbohydrate-rich
species, as the case of sago palms evinces in two ways. Firstly, the selective
harvesting of some trees has been shown to have a "thinning" effect which helps
the species to gain sunlight and to thrive, positively affecting its long-term
survival, reproduction and distribution at the expense of carbohydrate-rich
(30) species. Secondly, the sago palm has two means of reproduction: vegetatively,
or through "suckers", and through seed disbursal, which whether intentional
and inadvertent is likely to increase when humans are harvesting the trees.
Although sago palms are particularly prevalent in the areas where, for instance,
the Penan foragers exploit it, there has been no study to show that this would
(35) remain the case if the Penan were to move, or to cease exploiting the trees.
Admittedly, this response to the Headland Hypothesis has problems, for
not all carbohydrate producing species are disbursed by seeds, nor have they all
been shown to benefit from human foraging behaviors. Theories of co-evolution
do, however, predict that such relationships would be likely to evolve, and the
(40) simple fact that disturbing the rain forest through fire, sago harvesting, and
countless other means available to foragers can lead to better environments for
carbohydrate growth, illustrates that significant changes could have occurred in
much less time than one might expect. [br] The author of the passage mentions which of the following as posing an alternative to the Headland Hypothesis?
选项
A、Rain forests have always possessed insufficient quantities of carbohydrate-rich resources to support foragers without the aid of agriculturalists.
B、The difficulty of raising carbohydrate-rich plant species in certain areas of the rain forest may have led to the arrest of those species’ co-evolution.
C、Trade relationships between agriculturalists and foragers may have been the cause of the disappearance of certain carbohydrate-rich plant species, not vice-versa.
D、Foragers may have been willing to trade carbohydrate-rich plants in exchange for the more nutritious food products of agriculturalists.
E、Environmental changes in rain forest composition may have led to the loss of certain foraging techniques.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3352981.html
相关试题推荐
A、Failingtorecognizethereciprocalrelationshipbetweenforagingpracticesan
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltribes
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltri
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Witkinsrightlyarguesthatpopulationmaybedeemedavalidsustain
Willsarguesthatcertainmalarialparasitesareespecially(i)______becausethey
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
Thebinaryplanethypothesis—thatEarthandtheMoonformedsimultaneouslybyth
随机试题
PASSAGETHREE[br]WhydidOrensteinkeepherpregnancyhiddenfromothers?Becau
TheWebsometimesisseemedastheSirenspecterthatluresusintositting
sin(x-y)cosy+cos(x-y)siny=( )A.sinx B.
影响药物透过血脑屏障的主要因素是( )。A.蛋白结合率 B.清除率 C.半
有些日本人认为不应该纠缠于中日过去的鸡毛蒜皮的陈年旧账,要放眼中日友好的巨大利益
普通干粉灭火剂能用于扑灭()火灾。A.A类 B.B类 C.C类 D.D类
幼年时生长激素分泌不足会导致 A.呆小症B.侏儒症C.肢端肥大症D.黏液
根据《药品注册管理办法》,药品注册事项不包括A.许可事项 B.备案事项 C.
下列投资方案评价指标中,考虑货币时间价值因素的是()。A.投资利税率 B
下面有关特殊培训的成本与收益安排的陈述正确的有()。A.特殊培训的成本全部要由
最新回复
(
0
)