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  3. Text 3 The relationship between formal e

Text 3 The relationship between formal e

题库2022-08-02  53
问题 Text 3 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social,political and intellectual development of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it,because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and,as a result,radically higher standards of living.Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.The U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S.economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda,Nissan,and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts--a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently,while examining housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it.After all,that's how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago,they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however,doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged__________.A.when people had enough timeB.prior to better ways of finding foodC.when people on longer went hungD.as a result of pressure on government
选项 A.when people had enough time
B.prior to better ways of finding food
C.when people on longer went hung
D.as a result of pressure on government
答案 C
解析 文章第三段谈到our ancestor时说到“我们不得不怀疑是不断增长的经济促进了教育的发展，即使在没有政府的强制政策下。毕竟，这正是教育的起源。当我们的祖先在10，000年前还是狩猎者时，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间对其他的事情产生好奇。仅仅当人类以更高生产率的方式生产食物时，他们才有时间来关注其他的事情。”由这句话可以看出，不再饥饿才是教育起源的直接因素，故答案为C。A只是表征现象的内容，不是本质；B则是和文章内容相反；D是教育到了一定阶段才有的结果，不是教育出现的原因。
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