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  3. The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of

The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of

游客2025-07-28  17
问题     The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fill it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse(扩散)throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitational field, as in the case of a planet’s atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be" dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory that held the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules. liquids and gases. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both flow readily. They are fluids.
    The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and press at which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.
选项 A、The Properities of Gases and Liquids.
B、What Fluids and Gases Are Made of.
C、New Uses for the Gas and the Liquid.
D、New Theories about Fluids and Gases.
答案 A
解析 从文章内容分析，第一段主要讲了气体与液体的不同之处，第二自然段着重说明两者的相同之处，都是在说明气体与液体的性质。故应选A。也可用排除法，得此答案。
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