首页
登录
职称英语
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in trans
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in trans
游客
2025-04-28
38
管理
问题
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in transition economies offer both political and economic arguments to support their view. They argue that if democracy is to become a viable political system in the countries undergoing transition, the state’s monopoly over the bases of political power must be broken so that the countervailing sources of political influence may emerge [Berger, 1991]. Otherwise, the nomenklatura, managers of stateowned firms and former bureaucrats, may sabotage or block economic reforms, as well as loot, dissipate or transfer to their own possession the assets of the firms they manage. By creating property owners, privatization can create an ascent middle class that has a stake in the creation and maintenance of an effective system of property rights and the pursuit of economic policies that would enable the private sector to flourish.
The most compelling economic reason for privatizing state-owned enterprises in the transition economies is that as units of production--as distinct from providers of secure employment--they were a failure. Private ownership is thus seen as the means of unlocking gains in productivity by stimulating productive efficiency, offering greater motivation for both managers and workers, and creating incentives to enter new markets and exit declining ones. Privatization, it is argued, will unleash dynamic small businesses, act as a lure for foreign direct investment and speed up the painful process of restructuring industry, and it would accomplish all this while returning property to its rightful historical owners and raising funds for the government.
Despite this enticing list of promises, many countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union remain reluctant to privatize. Some of the opposition is ideological. Some comes from insiders at state-owned enterprises, both workers and managers, who fear the loss of income and power. More broadly, there are fears that privatization will reduce employment as private owners dismiss redundant workers and that the new private sector will be unlikely to provide the social benefits--like housing, health and nursery care, and recreation, sports and vacation facilities--that state-owned enterprises often provided. At the extreme; there are fears that if privatization exacerbates unemployment and causes declines in production, reformist governments will be swept away.
Practical difficulties have compounded this resistance to privatization. The valuations of firms is difficult because capital markets barely exist, accounting statements can be almost meaningless, and profits and sales achieved in the communist era are a poor guide to future viability. Households in these countries do not have sufficient savings to purchase many of the largest firms, and, even if they did have the money, they view former state-owned enterprises as dubious investments. With a rudimentary banking system, loans for the purchase of state property are seen as both risky and inflationary. In this muddled situation, suspicions naturally arise that buyers are benefiting from low prices at the expense of the state. [br] The information contained between brackets refers to ______.
选项
A、something unknown.
B、an American Supreme Court Justice’s legal decision.
C、someone who does not in fact believe the arguments.
D、an author who deals with the topic being discussed.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4057027.html
相关试题推荐
Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreaterjob______inJapanincon
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible【C1】______ofactio
随机试题
TwoweeksagoIhadtogotothetrainstationbecauseIwastakingatript
Thoughthecharactershankerfortheirscarstofadeandbeforgotten,it’swhen
国有独资企业、国有独资公司、国有资本控股公司的董事、监事、高级管理人员违反本法规
现在大学生的思想和行为特点有哪些?
消弧线圈预调式装置自动跟踪时间应不大于()/档(A)4min(B)3min
建筑美学是一门实用美学,按我国美学家的分类,建筑美学属于( )中的实用美学部分
()应当对期货从业人员的执业行为进行检查,期货从业人员及所在机构应当予以配合。A
亲合的作用包括()。 (A)获得信息(B)满足个体的某些社会性需要 (C
我国某企业在出口收汇时正逢人民币升值,结果以收入的外汇兑换到的人民币的金额减少。
根据《建设工程监理规范》(GB/T50319-2013),施工单位未经批准擅自施
最新回复
(
0
)