2. 职称英语
  3. Protection of the environment is based on a principle that is beginning to b

Protection of the environment is based on a principle that is beginning to b

游客2025-04-27  27
问题     Protection of the environment is based on a principle that is beginning to be used in the field of jurisprudence. The principle has to do with property rights. The idea is that we all have a property right in the air and water around us. If a business firm pollutes that air or water, their act in so doing  constitutes damage to something we own—just as if the firm had dropped a smoke bomb down our chimney. Our legal ease against such a firm is then baaed on the complaint that we deserve compensation  for an infringement of our right to use our private property as we please ( provided we don’ t interfere with the same rights of a neighbor). Assuming we win the case, the offending firm then has to pay us for damaging our property—the air or water we "own".
    And so protection of the environment, specifically the control of pollution, now rests on the idea that we, as members of the public, share a right to clean air and water and to the good health that clean air and water quality can give us. But, as always, costs and benefits are involved in any decision  to improve the environment.
    In an Adam Smithian, self-interested world, entrepreneurs or businessmen are expected to increase  their profits as much as possible. The natural way to do this is to produce at the lowest possible  cost. But at whose cost? It is obviously cheaper for entrepreneurs to dump waste into the nearest stream or into the atmosphere than to truck it to some waste disposal facility or to filter it as it comes out of smokestacks. Therefore, what may be sensible for entrepreneurs may not be desirable for the community.
    Here is a classic trade-off: When the government intervenes to force entrepreneurs to stop polluting,  entrepreneurs have to adopt more expensive means of production or waste disposal. Inevitably,  they will charge higher prices, and, given no change in demand, the quantity demanded will drop and workers will be laid off. The trade-off is therefore cleaner air and water or more unemployment.  This is how economists view this problem. [br] From the third paragraph, we can conclude that______.
选项 A、entrepreneurs are more sensible than the community
B、the community expects entrepreneurs to increase their profits as much as possible
C、in terms of waste disposal the interests of the enterprise and the community conflict
D、the community desires the waste to be carried to any other places
答案 C
解析 第三段，作者提到，从利己主义角度出发，企业需要以最低的成本获得最高的利润，而实现这一目标的做法是"dump the waste to the nearest stream or into atmosphere"，随后作者指出“企业家的明智做法may be not desirable for the community”，由此可推断，在废物处理方面，entrepreneur与community存在利益冲突，选项C正确。
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