For laymen ethnology is the most interesting of the biological sciences for

游客2025-04-25 21

问题 For laymen ethnology is the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore,if we wish,we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentation in laboratories.
The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers—certainly not scientists,since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures:they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists,under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds can’t be,or the roving animals over long distances, or even the details of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, they are then not worth knowing about?
The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining, the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually,and released. Motion pictures,often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals’ voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential,and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists,far from the scene,later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together,checking each other’s observations right there in the field.
Ethnology, the word,is derived from the Greek ethos,meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish a group-any particular group of people or,in biology,a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying "the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animal’s behavior."ln abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as"the objective study of animal behavior, "and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths. [br] In the first sentence, the word"laymen"means_____.

选项 A、people who stand aside
B、people who are not trained as biologists
C、people who are amateur biologists
D、people who love animals

答案 C

解析词汇理解题。根据选项可以分析处出，“laymen”的本意是选项A，即“people who stand aside”。但结合本文可知，“laymen”和"biologist"相关，且根据第一句“For laymen ethnology is themost interesting of the biological sciences”，“laymen”不是指真正意义上的生物学家，而是业余的。故正确答案为C。

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