首页
登录
职称英语
71. A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasi
71. A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasi
游客
2025-04-23
22
管理
问题
71.
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.
Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.
At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.
72.
As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.
One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 73.
In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly- paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science-not only pure science, but applied science as well. [br]
选项
答案
随着本世纪时间的推移,有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增,其复杂性日趋深化。这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4050416.html
相关试题推荐
Theintellectually______enterpriseofsciencedependsonfreecommunication.A、d
Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatare
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
InMicrosoft’slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecently
Economicshaslongbeenknownasthedismalscience.Butisanyeconomistso
随机试题
CriticsmaintainthatthefictionofHermanMelville(1819-1891)haslimitations
WehavetendedtoviewYoga(瑜珈)asakindofforeignreligiousexercise.But
[originaltext]Whilemostpeoplewerewarminguptheircars,Bruce,myhusba
遇湿易燃物品的危险特性主要表现在( )。A.遇水易燃易爆 B.遇酸着火燃烧爆
成熟阶段行业的销售、利润和现金流的特点包括( )。A.产品价格继续下跌,销售额
(2019年真题)下列属于金融债券发行方式的有()。A.间接公募,即发行人委托
根据下列资料回答问题。 《河北省2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》显示:河
根据《城乡规划法》的规定,下列关于城乡规划的编制和审批程序的表述中不正确的是(
国际上常用的工程施工合同类型不包括()。A.FIDIC施工合同条件
某危险化学品生产企业于2016年1月开始建设,2017年1月正式生产,为加强安全
最新回复
(
0
)