2. 职称英语
  3. The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depressi

The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depressi

游客2025-04-23  31
问题     The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as a means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a "pump-priming" device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early years of the New Deal Era (1933--1937). By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people--about one-third of the nation--were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided these people. This made them recipients of government charity.  In order to remove this stigma and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimulate production and revive business activity.
    The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA). This agency set up work projects in various fields in which there were many unemployed. For example, unemployed actors were organized into theater projects,  orchestras  were  organized for unemployed  musicians,  teaching projects  for unemployed teachers, and even writers’ projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to work building or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary "work relief" projects rather than permanent work opportunities.
    More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA). This agency undertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their construction. This created many jobs in the factories producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of unemployed.
    Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federal government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business. [br] The author implies that ______.
选项 A、individuals on relief do not receive enough money to meet basic needs
B、only unemployed people are benefited by the measures discussed in this passage
C、those who get direct financial aid from the government suffer a loss of human dignity
D、program of "pump priming" is vital at all times
答案 C
解析 作者暗示，直接得到政府资助的人丧失了人的尊严。根据第一段，当初以现金或食品的方式直接救济那些失业者，这使他们成为政府施舍的接受者。为了消除这种耻辱，为了给失业者挽回一些面子和尊严，制定了一个计划，争取政府资助的工程项目，而私有企业不愿意或无法提供这些工程项目。
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