首页
登录
职称英语
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61. Inspire
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61. Inspire
游客
2025-04-21
24
管理
问题
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61.
Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a range of ailments (疾病) , many people consume bacteria in the form of vogurts and dietary supplements. Such a smattering of artificial additions, however, represents but a drop in the ocean.
There are at least 800 types of bacteria living in the human gut. And research by Steven Gill of the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and his colleagues, published in this week’s Science, suggests that the collective genome of these organisms is so large that it contains 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself.
Dr Gill and his team were able to come to this conclusion by extracting bacterial DNA from the faeces (粪便) of two volunteers. 62.
Because of the complexiW of the samples, they were not able to reconstruct the entire genomes (基因组) of each of the gut bacteria, just the individual genes. But that allowed them to make an estimate of numbers.
What all these bacteria are doing is tricky to identify -- the bacteria themselves are difficult to cultivate. 63.
So the researchers guessed at what they might be up to by comparing the genes they discovered with published databases of genes whose functions are already known.
64.
This comparison helped Dr Gill identify for the first time the probable enzymatic (酶的) processes by which bacteria help humans to digest the complex carbohydrates in plants.
The bacteria also contain a plentiful supply of genes involved in the synthesis of chemicals essential to human life -- including two B vitamins and certain essential amino acids -- although the team merely showed that these metabolic pathways exist rather than proving that they are used. Nevertheless, the pathways they found leave humans looking more like ruminants: animals such as goats and sheep that use bacteria to break down otherwise indigestible matter in the plants they eat.
The broader conclusion Dr Gill draws is that people are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of human and microbial attributes. The notion of a superorganism has emerged before, as researchers in other fields have come to view humans as having a diverse internal ecosystem 65.
This, suggest some, will be crucial to the success of personalized medicine, as different people will have different responses to drugs, depending, on their microbial flora. (微生物群落)
Accordingly, the next step, says Dr Gill, is to see how microbial population vary between people of different ages, backgrounds and diets.
Another area of research is the process by which these helpful bacteria first colonize the digestive tract. Babies acquire their gut flora as they pass down the birth canal and take a gene-filled gulp of their mother’s vaginal and faecal flora. It might not be the most delicious of first meals, but it could well be an important one. [br]
选项
答案
受有益菌可以帮助人们治疗多种疾病的启发,很多人通过使用酸乳食品和各种补品 的办法吸收细菌。然而,这种人为补充细菌的做法是极其肤浅的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4047465.html
相关试题推荐
Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel______withtheheat
Hegavehisworktohisfriendto.becausehefoundithardtoseehisownmist
Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.
Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.
Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.
Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingN
Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,as
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoo
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【51】theywere.The
随机试题
Theclauseinthesentence"Thenewsthathewillcomebackistrue"isA、theadv
[originaltext]W:IheardJanewasbadlyhurtinanaccident?M:Yes.Ifonlys
Wehadaroadaccidentlastweekend,butwewere(luck)______toescapeinjury.
社会主义核心价值体系的内容是什么?
根据法国作家小仲马的同名小说改编的三幕歌剧《茶花女》是19世纪意大利著名作曲家(
患者疑为黄体功能不全,取宫内膜送病检的时间是( )。A.月经来潮24小时内
如图4为某同学设计的喷水装置,其中圆柱形容器的容积为V。,内部装置有体积为0.5
施工成本核算的对象是指在计算工程成本中,确定、归集和分配产生费用的具体对象,即产
李某因诈骗罪被判处有期徒刑2年,缓刑3年,缓刑考验期满后,司法机关查获李某在缓刑
文化的核心是()。A:道德B:宗教C:习惯D:价值观
最新回复
(
0
)