首页
登录
职称英语
【T1】A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increa
【T1】A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increa
游客
2025-04-19
8
管理
问题
【T1】
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward "directed" or "programmed" research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.
Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.
At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.
【T2】
As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large slim of money involved, it wag then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed(programmatic)research.
One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research(development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations.【T3】
In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science — not only pure science, but applied science as well. [br] 【T1】
选项
答案
现在,科学技术中出现了一种新的现象,科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展,也就是说这种研究的范围和目标是由私人或政府机构而不是由研究人员自己事先确定的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4044906.html
相关试题推荐
Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchan
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
Sciencewritersmust21informationregardingscientificevents.Inthisc
SciencewriterTomStandagedrawsaptparallelsbetweenthetelegraphandth
SciencewriterTomStandagedrawsaptparallelsbetweenthetelegraphandth
Inrecentyears,Israeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey’vebeco
随机试题
WilliamFaulknerwasborninOxford,Miss.Hehad【1】education,thenhejoine
Massivechangesinalloftheworld’sdeeplycherishedsportinghabitsareu
【S1】[br]【S3】night→light搭配错误。表示“根据……”的短语应该是inlightto。
Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit.Doesn’tit?Ifyouthinkso,
关于经济成本和财务成本区别的说法,正确的是()。A.经济成本反映微观经济,财
若学生表中存储了学号、姓名、性别、成绩等信息,则“删除学生表中所有男学生记录”的
现有A、B、C三种集料,需要合成级配为M的矿质混合料,各集料的分计筛余和合成混合
某车间进行吸声降噪处理前后的平均混响时间分别为4.5s和1.2s。请问该车间噪声
(2019年真题)根据《失业保险条例》,下列支出项目中,属于失业保险基金支出范围
会骑自行车有助于学骑摩托车,这是()。 (A)系列位置效应(B)正迁
最新回复
(
0
)