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  3. Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmen

Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmen

游客2025-04-16  1
问题     Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up and relegated to different experts:an itch to the dermatologist,a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails,a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last,intangible function the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.
    Abroad,the family doctor is almost extinct. In Germany,every doctor "specializes". In Israel,you queue at one desk for a cut finger,at another for a sprain,and a third for shock—even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain,both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of G. P. s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery an overloaded sorting depot for hospital clinics. There is no room for the amateur—be it in delivering a baby or calming a neurotic.
    Consultants and G. P. s begin the same way,as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas a family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his "parish",the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavours to specialize,the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go.
    Consequently,in a surgical ward,there are no people at all:only an appendectomy,a tumor,two hernias,and a "terminal case"(hospitals avoid the word "dying"). To make impersonality easier,beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.
    Nurses,too,have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals,they could with dangerous ease become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation,"task assignment". This enables one patient’s needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant;the job comes first,in her final year,a student will undertake the premedication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.
    Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There has been talk of group-assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses,as they often plead,touchingly,"are only human". They shun responsibility for life and death. If responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of routines, it weighs less on any one person. [br] The writer holds that hospitals abroad are____.
选项 A、more efficient than those in Britain
B、much cleaner than those in Britain
C、ultimately no better than those in Britain
D、ideal examples of an ideal healthcare system
答案 C
解析 题目问：作者认为国外的医院怎么样?通过文章内容可知，在国外，家庭医生几乎不再存在。在德国，每个医生都要有专门研究的方向。在以色列，看受伤手指要在一位医生的桌前排队，看扭伤的要在另一位医生的桌前排队，看所受的惊吓情况要在第三个地方排队——即使是由同一起事故引起的三种症状。英国医院的手术室日益成为医院一个负载过大的清理仓库，原因是医院的设施越来越重要，而他们又不愿意整合资源。无论是给孩子接生还是使神经病症患者安静，非专业医生在那里已经没有发挥作用的场地。据此判断，答案是C。
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