2. 职称英语
  3. The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly un

The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly un

游客2025-04-14  25
问题     The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/or steam recovery systems. These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near the surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock(HDR)reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems.
    As a result of recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems — which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust — are being developed. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDRs, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
    The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150°C, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100°C may be useful for space heating; however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200 °C are desirable.     The geothermal gradient, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal resources. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States.(There are many areas, however, for which no temperature gradient records exist.)
    Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large.If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22 °C per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U. ’s of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten-kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percent is recoverable, we find a total of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat. [br] The passage would be most likely to appear in a______.
选项 A、petrological research report focused on the history of temperature-depth records in the United States
B、congressional report urging the conservation of oil and natural gas reserves in the United States
C、technical journal article concerned with the recoverability of newly identified energy sources
D、consumer report describing the extent and accessibility of remaining coal resources
答案 C
解析 本题为分析推理题。本文主要讲述了HDR的利用问题，由此可知，这是一篇与能源利用相关的科技类文章。C选项最符合基于原文的推断，因此C项正确。
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