首页
登录
职称英语
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world econo
游客
2025-04-09
15
管理
问题
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts",says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such fights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short,because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.
"Certain simple economic activities,such as food gathering and making handicrafts,rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities,such as the mass production of goods,require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive,but it is really property-intensive", Olson observes.
"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions,the way a dog possesses a bone,but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."
Would-be entrepreneurs.no matter how small,also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact,the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks...,if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us,and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view,but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather,the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights.there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce,invest,and engage in mutually advantageous trade,and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes. [br] According to Olson,what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
选项
A、government intervention
B、lack of secure individual rights
C、being short of capital
D、lack of a free market
答案
B
解析
本题的四个选项中,只有B项正确。这可以从文中的最后一段推出,即Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利,也就没有动力去创造财富。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4033875.html
相关试题推荐
Mostoftheyoungpeopleholdthemistakenbeliefthatgoodsproducedinourown
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borneinfectionthat’sendemici
Peoplethought:Hey,eatacarpandyouwillbetakingin(what)itisthatgive
Smog-chokedSouthernCalifornia(demands)them.It’saCarforpeoplewhonever
MillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStatessufferfrom______backpainthatcomes
Somepeople______inpartthedefeatoftherevolutioninFranceandGermanyto
Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor_______thanother
随机试题
[originaltext]Fromthislookoutweenjoyoneofthemostspectacularviewso
TheplaywrightDavidHenryHwanghasbeeninhighdemandinrecentyears—not
[audioFiles]audio_ehaz200112_001(200112)[/audioFiles]A、Thewomanhasgotawron
三个水准抗震设防标准中的“小震”是指:A.6度以下的地震 B.设计基准期内,超
图(a)为一列简谐横波在t=0.10s时刻的波形图,P是平衡位置为x=1m处的质
实体桥墩组成:由墩帽、( )和基础组成。 A、墩台 B、墩身 C、墩
决策树法的步骤有:①从决策点向右引出若干条直(折)线,形成方案枝;②从自然状态点
盛暑行军时只大量饮水可发生A:等渗性脱水 B:低容量性低钠血症(低渗性脱水)
悬浮放电一般发生在电压上升沿,并且产生一大的连续的100Hz为主的包络线,并且有
125、智能终端收到GOOSE跳闸报文后,以遥信的方式转发跳闸报文来进行跳闸报
最新回复
(
0
)