首页
登录
职称英语
For years scholars have contrasted slavery in the United States and in Brazi
For years scholars have contrasted slavery in the United States and in Brazi
游客
2025-04-08
17
管理
问题
For years scholars have contrasted slavery in the United States and in Brazil, stimulated by the fact that racial patterns assumed such different aspects in the two countries after emancipation. Brazil never developed a system of rigid segregation of the sort that replaced slavery in the United States, and its racial system was fluid(a situation that is fluid is likely to change)because its definition of race was based as much on characteristics such as economic status as on skin color. Until recently, the most persuasive explanation for these differences was that Portuguese institutions especially the Roman Catholic church and Roman civil law, promoted recognition of the slave’s humanity. The English colonists, on the other hand,
constructed their system of slavery out of whole cloth
(whole cloth: pure fabrication usually used in the phrase out of whole cloth). There were simply no precedents in English common law, and separation of church and state barred Protestant clergy from the role that priests assumed in Brazil.
But the assumption that institutions alone could so powerfully affect the history of two raw and malleable frontier a new field for exploitative or developmental activity. Countries seem, on reexamination, untenable. Recent studies focus instead on a particular set of contrasting economic circumstances and demographic profiles at significant periods in the histories of the two countries. Persons of mixed race quickly appeared in both countries. In the United States they were considered to be Black, a social definition that was feasible because they were in the minority. In Brazil, it was not feasible. Though intermarriage was illegal in both countries, the laws were unenforceable in Brazil since Whites formed a small minority in an overwhelmingly Black population. Manumission for persons of mixed race was also easier in Brazil, particularly in the nineteenth century when in the United States it was hedged about with difficulties. Furthermore, a shortage of skilled workers in Brazil provided persons of mixed race with the opportunity to learn crafts and trades, even before general emancipation, whereas in the United States entry into these occupations was blocked by Whites sufficiently numerous to fill the posts. The consequence was the development in Brazil of a large class of persons of mixed race, proficient in skilled trades and crafts, who stood waiting as a community for freed slaves to join.
There should be no illusion that Brazilian society after emancipation was color-blind. Rather, the large population of persons of mixed race produced a racial system that included a third status, a bridge between the Black caste and the White, which could be traversed by means of economic or intellectual achievement, marriage, or racial heritage. The strict and sharp line between the races so characteristic of the United States in the years immediately after emancipation was simply absent. With the possible exception of New Orleans, no special "place" developed in the United States for persons of mixed race.
Sad to say, every pressure of society worked to prevent their attaining anything approximating the economic and social position available to their counterparts in Brazil. [br] In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with______.
选项
A、contrasting the systems of slavery that were established in Brazil and in the United States
B、criticizing the arguments of those scholars who considered religion and law to be the determinants of the systems of slavery in Brazil and in the United States
C、describing the factors currently thought to be responsible for the differences in the racial patterns that evolved in Brazil and in the United States
D、advocating further study of the differences between the racial systems that developed in Brazil and in the United States
答案
C
解析
主旨归纳题。文章开篇提出“奴隶解放后,巴西没什么歧视,美国则有严重的歧视”的现象,接着在机制、经济和人群等方面围绕这个问题进行论述。故答案为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4032431.html
相关试题推荐
ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshift
ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshift
TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrythealle
ThereislittlereasontobelievethattheUnitedStateswill______fromitsst
IncomeinequalityintheUnitedStatesremainedrelativelystableforaperio
IncomeinequalityintheUnitedStatesremainedrelativelystableforaperio
AlthoughmostuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesareonasemestersystemwhicho
TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrythealle
ThereislittlereasontobelievethattheUnitedStateswill_____fromitsstate
AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_____theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq
随机试题
引导应对气候变化国际合作,成为全球生态文明建设的重要()、()、()。A.
某市的采暖室外计算温度为-20℃,室内温度要求18℃,当实际室外温度为-15℃时
小儿肺炎心衰治疗中,关于洋地黄应用的描述哪条不正确A.首剂给予口服1/2饱和量
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
下面四个图形中,只有一个是由上面的四个图形拼合(只能通过上、下、左、右平移)而成
旅游景区核心保护区的特点有( )。A.受绝对保护 B.可以有少量的科研活动
学生的行为侵害他人,造成损伤的,应由( )依法予以赔偿。A、学校 B、成年学
社会时代发展的状况与需要,是形成不同时代学校教育课程总体____重大差别的重要原
甲、乙是某期货公司的客户,做期货交易。甲持有空头合约,乙持有多头合约,甲和乙均向
根据《标准施工招标文件》的规定,在最低评标价法中,以下( )属于响应性评审标准。
最新回复
(
0
)