Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but

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问题 Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major【C1】______to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful【C2】______on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system【C3】______the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and【C4】______of most highways the【C5】______of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily【C6】______for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation【C7】______are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls. Private【C8】______in many ways, for the【C9】______of assuring that business serves the best【C10】______of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a【C11】______, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable【C12】______, but limits their ability to raise prices【C13】______since the public depends on their services. Often control is【C14】______to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of【C15】______in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by【C16】______tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also【C17】______ the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.
Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to【C18】______and individuals. For example, tariffs【C19】______certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to【C20】______better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system. [br] 【C2】

选项 A、elevation
B、emotion
C、effect
D、election

答案 C

解析固定搭配。have an effect on意为“对……有影响”，为固定用法。故答案为C。

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