首页
登录
职称英语
【T1】Nearly every society in human history has considered its own language fi
【T1】Nearly every society in human history has considered its own language fi
游客
2025-04-06
15
管理
问题
【T1】
Nearly every society in human history has considered its own language finer, its own food tastier, its own manners more refined(or more honest), its own morals better(or more sensible)and its own religion the one true religion. In smaller groups ethnocentrism takes the form of "team spirit", "local pride", and "company morale".
Taken to extremes, ethnocentrism easily leads to chauvinism(the glorification of one’s own group along with fear and hatred of others), social and religious oppression, warfare, and even genocide. In moderate forms, however, ethnocentrism makes for high morale and effective cooperation within a group. Whether in a football team before a big game or in a nation at war, ethnocentric feelings have the beneficial effect of mobilizing and uniting a threatened group against its enemy. Finally, ethnocentrism can provide satisfaction and comfort. People often make themselves feel better by believing in others’ inferiority. "At least I’m not a grind, " An important step in the uphill struggle of American blacks and women to win social equality was the increased self-esteem generated by such ethnocentric slogans "Black is beautiful" and "Sisterhood is powerful. "
As soon as it became clear that ethnocentrism was a common phenomenon, social scientists realized that they themselves might be unfairly judging the behavior of different peoples according to their own cultural values. 【T2】
To avoid any taint of ethnocentric prejudice, anthropologists began to adopt an attitude of cultural relativism, the view that human thoughts and deeds should be judged not by any outside standards but only by those of the society or group in which they take place.
Cultural relativism thus stood for scientific objectivity, fair-mindedness, and liberalism. It rapidly became the dominant view in anthropology and sociology.
At first, some anthropologists interpreted cultural relativism so rapidly that they refused to make any judgments whatever about human behavior. 【T3】
In the 1930s the anthropologist Ruth Benedict maintained, for instance, that the cultures of the world were all equally valid patterns of life and nothing any people did was invalid if it was in harmony with the rest of their culture.
Paradoxically, the extreme cultural relativists, who wanted to give all other peoples due respect and resist all tendencies toward ethnocentrism in themselves, were drawn to the logical conclusion that anything goes—infanticide, headhunting, slavery, torture, ritual mutilation—provided only that it is in accord with the culture in which it occurs. History soon exposes the fallacy of this doctrine of total objectivity. Under Hitler, the Nazis enslaved millions and put millions more to death. After the 1930s it was no longer possible for scholars to maintain the stance of total cultural relativism. While contemporary anthropologists and sociologists continue to believe that the practices of another people cannot be judged on the same terms as their own culture, they also believe that those practices can be judged in the light of universal values and basic human requirements. Thus any cultural practice that conflicts with such universal human needs as emotional security, physical health, and self-preservation should not be deemed as valid as practices that serve those needs. [br] 【T1】
选项
答案
在人类历史长河中,几乎每个社会都认为自己的语言更优美,自己的食品更鲜美,自己的举止更文雅或更朴实,自己的道德更高尚或更合乎情理,自己的宗教更正宗。在更小的群体中,民族优越感表现为“团队精神”,“夜郎自大”,“公司士气”等具体形式。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4028679.html
相关试题推荐
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacritic
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacritic
Changesinartandculturalhistoryhaveneverbeeneasytoassimilatetopo
Changesinartandculturalhistoryhaveneverbeeneasytoassimilatetopo
Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoint
Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoint
Humanbeingsaresuperiortoanimals______theycanuselanguageasatooltoc
Although______,nearlyself-effacing,inherpersonalaffairs,thejournalistdi
Inamaterialisticand______societypeople’sinterestseemstobefocusedsolely
Mostnewwordsaremadeupfromother,earlierwords;language-makingisac
随机试题
SpeakerA:Didshereallyusetobeverythin?SpeakerB:______A、Howdoyoukno
Whydidn’tMissYanginviteCathytoherapartment?Becauseshe______.live
Metalhasmanyusefulproperties,ofwhichstrengthisthemostimportant.A、金属在诸
Initsmodernformtheconceptof"literature"dienotemergeearlierthanei
2021年1—4月份,规模以上通用设备制造业平均每百元营业收入产生的利润比上
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性: A.如
Inatradeconflictmorepeoplewillpay
尤某因涉嫌强奸被县公安局拘留,县检察院批准逮捕并提起公诉,后被县法院判处有期徒刑
关于保险合同履行的说法,错误的是( )。A.投保人、被保险人或者受益人只要其中
跨境电子商务零售进口商品按照货物征收关税,下列各项可以作为代收代缴义务人的有(
最新回复
(
0
)