首页
登录
职称英语
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ co
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ co
游客
2025-04-05
14
管理
问题
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ contempt of utility—was a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this separation of mechanics from geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas repressed it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages(and in some areas much longer)itself hampered improvement. Under this system, the laboring masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few—priests, nobles, and kings—concerned themselves only with ownership and maintenance of their own position. In the interest of their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defense, in warmaking, in government, in trade, in the arts of leisure, and in the extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the process of production. On the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved.
The whole ancient world was built upon this relationship—a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many of the commonplace fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the wheelbarrow—products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries respectively.
For about twenty-five centuries, two-thirds of the power of the horse was lost because he wasn’t shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted because his harness wasn’t modified to fit his shoulders. For more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mechanism which required remarkably little alteration(in the thirteenth century)to become a rudder.
With any ingenuity at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it—but the ingenuity wasn’t forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of his one-room dwelling(which he shared with his animals), while the medieval charcoal burner(like his Stone Age ancestor)made himself a hut of small branches. [br] We may infer that a change in class relationships after the close of the Middle Ages produced greater productivity because______.
选项
A、freemen had incentive to produce more
B、masters had greater incentive to work their workers harder
C、slaves never starved, no matter what they produced
D、productivity could go in only one direction
答案
A
解析
综观全文,整篇文章都在谈中世纪对人的束缚,所以解放劳动力是中世纪后生产力大发展的原因。因此A项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4027371.html
相关试题推荐
TheGreek’sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearch—andthescientists’co
TheGreek’sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearch—andthescientists’co
TheGreek’sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearch—andthescientists’co
ItisAestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasBalifeexpectancyofapproxima
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
随机试题
Theword"plastic"comesfromtheGreekword"plastikos"andisusedtodesc
Themountainis1,000feet_______thesea
我国最大、流行最广的戏曲剧种是( )。A.越剧 B.黄梅戏 C.昆曲 D
以BAO显著升高为主要特征的疾病是A.胃癌 B.胃溃疡发作期 C.胃溃疡恢复
小庆家庭经济困难,父母长年在外打工,很少与家里联系。小庆的母亲和奶奶有矛盾,关系
以下穴位归经说法正确的有( )。A.至阳属督脉 B.内膝眼属足阳明胃经 C
1922年,()在《股票市场晴雨表》一书中率先对“道氏理论”进行了阐述。 A
用有刻度的牙周探针探测牙周袋的注意点如下,不正确的是A.支点应稳 B.探测力量
财务净现值是指项目按基准收益率或设定的折现率将各年的净现金流量折现到建设起点的现
某幢商品住宅2005年1月的价格为2000元/平方米。将该价格修正到2005年1
最新回复
(
0
)