首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classic
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classic
游客
2025-04-03
3
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to(违反, 背道而驰)their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that " thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/ acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. [br] The passage provides support for which of the following statements?
选项
A、Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.
B、Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
C、Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
D、Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.
答案
D
解析
本题归纳总结题。从题干可知,本题主要考查考生对主旨的把握情况。从第一段的“Rather,in their day—by—day tactical maneuvers,these senior executives…and to integrateaction into the process of thinking.”,以及第三段的“Second,managers rely on intuition toperform well—learned…and hands—on experience that build skills.”,由以上几句可知D为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4024641.html
相关试题推荐
In______,thewholetangledsagaisaclassiccaseofseriousallegationsfallin
Youareaskedtowriteanessayonthefollowingtopic:Someexpertsbel
Linguistshaveunderstoodfordecadesthatlanguageandthoughtareclosely
Linguistshaveunderstoodfordecadesthatlanguageandthoughtareclosely
Industrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequi
Industrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequi
Industrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequi
Hefeltitratherdifficulttotakeastand______theopinionofthemajority.A
Thewitness’saccount______closelytothepoliceman’sobservations.A、responded
Theyoungsurgeon______hisfirstoperationsuccessfully.A、madeB、carriedC、per
随机试题
HarrietBeecherStowehadpouredherheartintoheranti-slaverybook,"Uncl
[originaltext]IthasbeenreportedthatincollegesacrosstheUnitedStat
[originaltext]M:IfIeverseethatguyagain,I’mdefinitelygoingtotellhim
Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisu
解剖式人工牙与非解剖式牙的区别是()A.解剖式人工牙咀嚼效率高,侧向
下列关于境外直接上市说法错误的是( )A.境外直接上市的优点在于可直接进入境外
有三箱苹果分别标记为A、B、C,若要平均分给3个人,则需从A中取出其中的1/5放
关于货币均衡与失衡的说法,正确的是()。A.货币均衡是货币供求作用的一种状态
(2021年真题)企业因下列行为发生的借款费用,应当作为资本性支出的有()
(2021年真题)根据《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》GB50500-2013,下
最新回复
(
0
)