首页
登录
职称英语
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their
游客
2025-04-02
1
管理
问题
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $ 750, 000.
The transformation in social values implicit in just a posing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless". Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.
For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of children’s productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family(a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty)were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth. Yet "expulsion of children from the ’ cash nexus’ , ... although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," Zelizer maintains. "Was also part of a cultural process ’of sacralization’ of children’s lives. " Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.
In stressing the cultural determinants of a child’s worth. Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new " sociological economics" , who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual "preferences" , these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their " exchange" or "surrender" value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater. [br] Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children’s worth except changes in______.
选项
A、the mortality rate
B、the nature of industry
C、the nature of the family
D、attitudes toward reform movements
答案
D
解析
本题是细节题。从关键词assessment of children’s worth可找到对应的原文第三段“…the decline in birth and death rates,especially in child mortality,and thedevelopment of the companionate family...were all factors critical in changing theassessment of children’s worth”,此句明确指出引起孩子货币价值转变的因素有:经济方面的、职业方面的、家庭结构方面的,还有前面提到的孩子的死亡率。由此可知D是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4023700.html
相关试题推荐
In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheir
In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheir
In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheir
In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheir
Theoldcoupledecidedto______aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildreno
Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich______urgentuse
Collapsesthisspringatacoupleofancientsitesherecausedwearyarchaeo
Collapsesthisspringatacoupleofancientsitesherecausedwearyarchaeo
Collapsesthisspringatacoupleofancientsitesherecausedwearyarchaeo
Theseexamplesshowthatopennessandtheabilitytochangebringscouplesagia
随机试题
OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcre
Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?[originaltext]Scientistssaysharkshave
,则()中矩阵在实数域上与A合同.
为适应不同应用场景的访问控制需求,访问控制参考模型不断演变,形成各种各样的访问控
医疗卫生机构出现下列情形且逾期没有改正,可以暂停其6个月以上、1年以下执业活动的
抗原抗体结合反应最终出现肉眼可见沉淀现象,其原因是A.抗原抗体结合和盐析共同作用
省级以上药品监督管理部门根据实际情况建立监控信息网络实时监控麻醉药品和精神药品定
下列人物中,两耳失聪仍坚持音乐创作的是() A..舒伯特B.莫扎特C.贝多
下列情形中,可能导致钻孔灌注桩断桩的有()A.骨料级配差,混凝土和易性差
男,40岁。因门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张出血,已行脾切除,责门周围血管离断术1
最新回复
(
0
)