首页
登录
职称英语
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into
游客
2025-04-02
21
管理
问题
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the 1.02 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market. [br] According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because______.
选项
A、cost reduction is based On competition
B、services call for cross-trade coordination
C、outside competitors will continue to exist
D、shippers will have the railway by the throat
答案
C
解析
本题可参照文章的第2段。从中可知,支持这种新型的超级铁路的人宣称,这些合并会考虑大幅度降低成本,并更好地协调货运服务。他们认为,任何来自垄断的威胁都可以通过来自于汽车运输的激烈竞争而消除。据此可知,支持铁路合并的人认为,来自于外面的激烈竞争会消除垄断的局面。C项与文意相符,因此C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4023239.html
相关试题推荐
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:S
Therepublicationofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly______hisnati
Therecentnewsofthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep—inwhichthes
Therecentnewsofthesuccessfulcloningofanadultsheep—inwhichthes
Inrecentyearstherehasbeenconsiderablediscussionoftherelationbetweens
Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxur
Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxur
Arecentstudyexaminedmen’sattitudestowomen,lifegoalsandgenderrole
Arecentstudyexaminedmen’sattitudestowomen,lifegoalsandgenderrole
Arecentstudyexaminedmen’sattitudestowomen,lifegoalsandgenderrole
随机试题
[originaltext]Everyoneenjoystheseaside.Beachesareidealplacesforgam
在宽度不小于3m的走廊内感温火灾探测器的安装间距不应超过()m。A.8
A.2.5Ω B.2.5∠40Ω C.2.5∠80Ω D.40∠80Ω
根据水利工程各专业配合的先后顺序,由水工到施工到机电金结的顺序计算方式是()。A
卖出套期保值是为了( )。A.回避现货价格下跌的风险 B.回避期货价格上
某商店三种商品销售如下: 请根据上述资料分析该商店2011年比2010年三
共用题干 某移动公司用户李某从2010年2月至10月,在长达8个月的时间内未缴
(2015年真题)项目施工过程中,应及时对“施工组织设计”进行修改或补充的情况有
下列情形中,可能导致钻孔灌注桩断桩的有()A.骨料级配差,混凝土和易性差
男性,62岁。近3个月逐渐出现上腹部不适,进食后饱胀,嗳气,纤维胃镜发现大弯侧胃
最新回复
(
0
)