首页
登录
职称英语
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American l
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American l
游客
2025-04-02
11
管理
问题
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States: The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose: In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. [br] The word "rudimentary" in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
选项
A、basic
B、sufficient
C、necessary
D、undeveloped
答案
D
解析
本题可参照第2段第2句。这句的意思是“在19世纪早期,作为制冷科学关键因素的热学知识还没有……”,而紧接着的一句“那种认为最好的冰盒就是阻止冰融化的常识自然是错误的”,从这句话可以判断当时人们对热学并不了解,引申这个意思的话就可以知道rudimentary的意思肯定是负面的,因此D项是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4022975.html
相关试题推荐
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
Americanculturehasnotbeenimmunetoculturalinfluencesfromoutside.Th
WhencooperatingwiththeAmericanspecialistsintheStates,I______myselfof
IntheopinionofmanyAmericansandEuropeans,weonlybegantoreallyexpl
From2007to2010,Americanhouseholdslost$11trillioninrealestate,sav
From2007to2010,Americanhouseholdslost$11trillioninrealestate,sav
From2007to2010,Americanhouseholdslost$11trillioninrealestate,sav
AfricanAmericanwomen’ssearchforsocietalacceptanceoftenencompassesst
随机试题
【S1】[br]【S4】lead→leads此处句子的主语是attempt,而不是动词前面的words,所以要用单数第三人称的形式,将lead改为leads
Wherearealotoffaxmessagessentto?[br][originaltext]W:Well,Charles,I
Itisimportantthattheplan(work)______outtoday.(should)beworked虚拟语气在Itis
下列关于商标代理管理办法说法错误的是()。A.商标代理组织不得接受同一商标案件中
下列对劳动法律关系主体的阐述,正确的有()。A.是劳动法律关系的参加者 B.
下列水泥品种中,不适宜用于大体积混凝土工程的是()。A:普通硅酸盐水泥 B:
1992-29.既治风湿热痹,又治湿热黄疸的药物是 A.茵陈B.垂盆草C.
维生素A用于()A.防治坏血病 B.防治佝偻病 C.防治夜盲症 D.习
我国当前的外商投资政策规定,对不涉及综合平衡的国家鼓励类外商投资企业的设立,不论
项目法人应负责督促和检查遗留问题的处理,及时将处理结果报告()。A.验收主持单
最新回复
(
0
)